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9 - Initiation of transcription and RNA synthesis, processing and transport in HSV and VZV infected cells

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: alphaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Initiation of transcription and RNA synthesis

The alphaherpesviruses, HSV -1 and VZV encode TATA -box containing promoters that are transcribed by the cellular RNA polymerase II

During productive infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), approximately 80 genes encoded within the linear 152-kbp viral genome are expressed in three sequential phases that are termed immediate early (IE; α), early (E; β) and late (L; γ)(Honess and Roizman, 1974; McGeoch, 1991). The smaller, 125-kbp varicella zoster virus (VZV) genome encodes around 70 genes, which are also expressed as IE, E and L products (Davison and Scott, 1986). HSV -1 and VZV genes are transcribed by the cellular RNA Polymerase II and each viral promoter has a TATA box homology about 25 nucleotides upstream of the start site of transcription (for review, see Wagner et al., 1995). In HSV -1infections, the first genes to be transcribed are the five IE genes, which are distinguished from E and L genes by specific sequence elements termed TAATGARAT sequences in the upstream regions of IE promoters. These elements are recognized by a virion tegument protein, VP 16, which binds as part of a protein complex that contains two cellular factors, Oct-1 and HCF, to transcriptionally activate expression of IE genes (Wysocka and Herr, 2003). VZV IE genes do not appear to encode upstream promoter elements similar to the TAATGARAT sequence, however VZV does encode a protein, ORF 10 that exhibits similarities with VP 16, although its activity has been much less well characterized than that of VP 16 (Piette et al., 1995).

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 128 - 137
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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