THE KING'S SERVANTS IN 1130

In order to deal with certain questions relating to the king's servants, a list has been devised, based on the 1130 pipe roll, consisting of those working in government during the exchequer year 1129 to 1130. The list comprises those who were in office or making payment to take up office in the pipe roll; those known from other sources to have been in office in 1130; and those who, though they cannot be shown conclusively to have held a formal office, were acting in a ministerial capacity at that date. In the second and third categories care has been taken to include only those for whom there was good reason to believe that they were indeed acting in such a capacity. Those who served the king in other ways, as counsellors for example, are excluded unless they were also closely involved with royal administration. It has been difficult to decide whether to include those accounting for manors which, for various reasons, had come into the king's hands.