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1 - Vehicles for accumulating capital

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2010

Naomi R. Lamoreaux
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
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Summary

In nineteen out of twenty cases, banks have been got up for the creation of money facilities and capital. … The object has not been to invest money, but to create it. Hence it has happened that bank charters have been asked for and obtained, where a vast majority of the corporation, instead of being lenders of money, were actually hungry borrowers.

Henry Williams

Commercial banking got its start in New England (as elsewhere in the United States) shortly after the Revolutionary War, when groups of prominent merchants in the region's leading port cities began petitioning their state legislatures for charters of incorporation. Because at that time the grant of a corporate charter conferred special privileges and quasigovernmental authority, legislatures reserved them for projects deemed to be in the public interest. Accordingly, merchants who were seeking charters emphasized the many benefits that banks would bring to their communities. They claimed, for example, that banks would make it possible to obtain credit at reasonable rates of interest, thus ensuring that “the enormous advantages made by the griping Usurer from the Necessities of those who want to borrow Money will be immediately checked & in a great Measure Destroyed.” Banks would also provide the surrounding community with a safe and readily convertible supply of paper money, such that “the Benefits of an increased Medium & the Payment of Taxes & the Negotiation of all other Business will be rendered more safe & easy.”

Type
Chapter
Information
Insider Lending
Banks, Personal Connections, and Economic Development in Industrial New England
, pp. 11 - 30
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1994

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