This book draws largely on the magnificent resources of the University of Cambridge Library. The Managers of the African Studies Centre, Cambridge, and its Librarian, Dr Janet Seeley, were also especially helpful in obtaining materials. I am indebted to archivists and librarians at many institutions: Archives Nationales (Section Outre-Mer), Paris; Bayero University Library, Kano; University of Birmingham Library; British Library; British Newspaper Library; Chancellor College Library, Zomba; Church Missionary Society Archives, London; University of Edinburgh Library; Institute of Development Studies, Nairobi; Malawi National Archives; National Library of Scotland; Rhodes House, Oxford; School of Oriental and African Studies, London; Seeley Historical Library, Cambridge; Tanganyika African National Union; Tanzania National Archives; University Library, Dar es Salaam; and Zimbabwe National Archives. The British Council financed a visit to Malawi. David Beach, Ms Alison Izzett, Steven Kaplan, Paul Richards, Robert Ross, Megan Vaughan, Dr Jean-Luc Vellut, and Nigel Worden supplied unpublished material. Books by Dr Polly Hill and Professor Olwen Hufton provided many ideas. Seminars at Birmingham, Cambridge, London, and Zomba made suggestions. Peter Kinyanjui, Lome Larson, and John McCracken helped with travel in Africa. Tony Hopkins, Gilbert Lewis, and Michael Twaddle gave advice. Jack Goody provided the stimulus. John Lonsdale and the Cambridge University Press showed me their habitual kindness. I am grateful to all those who have helped me.