Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 INTRODUCTION
- 2 SIGNAL MODELS FOR TIME SYNCHRONIZATION
- 3 TIME SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS
- 4 FUNDAMENTAL APPROACHES TO TIME SYNCHRONIZATION
- 5 MINIMUM VARIANCE UNBIASED ESTIMATION (MVUE) OF CLOCK OFFSET
- 6 CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW ESTIMATION
- 7 COMPUTATIONALLY SIMPLIFIED SCHEMES FOR ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW
- 8 PAIRWISE BROADCAST SYNCHRONIZATION (PBS)
- 9 ENERGY-EFFICIENT ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET FOR INACTIVE NODES
- 10 SOME IMPROVED AND GENERALIZED ESTIMATION SCHEMES FOR CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION OF INACTIVE NODES
- 11 ADAPTIVE MULTI-HOP TIME SYNCHRONIZATION (AMTS)
- 12 CLOCK DRIFT ESTIMATION FOR ACHIEVING LONG-TERM SYNCHRONIZATION
- 13 JOINT SYNCHRONIZATION OF CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW IN A RECEIVER–RECEIVER PROTOCOL
- 14 ROBUST ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET
- 15 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- Acronyms
- References
- Index
1 - INTRODUCTION
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- 1 INTRODUCTION
- 2 SIGNAL MODELS FOR TIME SYNCHRONIZATION
- 3 TIME SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS
- 4 FUNDAMENTAL APPROACHES TO TIME SYNCHRONIZATION
- 5 MINIMUM VARIANCE UNBIASED ESTIMATION (MVUE) OF CLOCK OFFSET
- 6 CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW ESTIMATION
- 7 COMPUTATIONALLY SIMPLIFIED SCHEMES FOR ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW
- 8 PAIRWISE BROADCAST SYNCHRONIZATION (PBS)
- 9 ENERGY-EFFICIENT ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET FOR INACTIVE NODES
- 10 SOME IMPROVED AND GENERALIZED ESTIMATION SCHEMES FOR CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION OF INACTIVE NODES
- 11 ADAPTIVE MULTI-HOP TIME SYNCHRONIZATION (AMTS)
- 12 CLOCK DRIFT ESTIMATION FOR ACHIEVING LONG-TERM SYNCHRONIZATION
- 13 JOINT SYNCHRONIZATION OF CLOCK OFFSET AND SKEW IN A RECEIVER–RECEIVER PROTOCOL
- 14 ROBUST ESTIMATION OF CLOCK OFFSET
- 15 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- Acronyms
- References
- Index
Summary
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
With the help of technological advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and wireless communications, low-cost, low-power, and multi-functional wireless sensing devices have been developed. When these devices are deployed over a wide geographical region, they can collect information about the environment and efficiently collaborate to process such information by forming a distributed communication network, called a wireless sensor network (WSN), as illustrated in Figure 1.1. A WSN is a special case of an ad-hoc wireless network, and assumes a multi-hop communication framework with no common infrastructure, where the sensors spontaneously cooperate to deliver information by forwarding packets from a source to a destination. The number of practical applications involving WSNs keeps growing rapidly, and WSNs have been regarded as providing the fundamental infrastructure for future communications due to a variety of promising potential applications: monitoring the health status of humans, animals, plants, and the environment; control and instrumentation of industrial machines and home appliances; homeland security; detection of chemical and biological threats and leaks, etc.
When designing sensor networks, there are a number of important factors to be considered such as tolerance to node failures, scalability, dynamic network topology, hardware constraints, production cost, and power consumption. In general, the lifetime of a sensor network is proportional to that of a battery since the sensor nodes are usually inaccessible after deployment. Moreover, due to the space limitations and other practical constraints in sensor nodes, power is a scarce resource for practical WSNs. For these reasons, energy efficiency in general has top priority when designing WSNs out of all the above mentioned design considerations.
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- Information
- Synchronization in Wireless Sensor NetworksParameter Estimation, Performance Benchmarks, and Protocols, pp. 1 - 9Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
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