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2 - The first retreat: Besprizornost' and socialized child rearing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2010

Wendy Z. Goldman
Affiliation:
Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania
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Summary

In March 1921, an organizer for the Detkomissiia (Commission for the Betterment of the Life of Children), traveled south from Moscow into a famine-stricken area. Deeply shaken by what he saw, he wrote in his report:

Our train arrived at night and stopped not far from Samara. For some reason we could not go any farther. It was one or two in the morning. It was quiet and there was frost on the beets. Our train slept, all was silent, but suddenly, I could make out a thin, weak, remote wailing. I listened – the wailing grew strong and then fell again. I went out onto the platform. In the moonlight, at a great distance, lay some kind of gray rags. As I looked I could see them turning, and from the bosom of these rags came a weak, lingering wail: “Kh-le-b-tsa-, kh-le-b-tsa.” One could scarcely distinguish the separate voices, but due to their faintness, they all merged in a weak drawn-out wail. They were children, perhaps three, maybe four thousand, and at my disposal I had ten pounds of bread.

By 1922 there were an estimated 7.5 million “starving and dying” children in Russia. Many, having lost one or both parents, fled broken families and desolate villages, and descended on the towns in search of food. Known as the besprizorniki (homeless waifs), they traveled alone and in bands, illegally riding the rails from one end of the country to another. They gathered in shifting crowds in the railroad stations and marketplaces, stealing, begging, picking pockets, and prostituting themselves to survive.

Type
Chapter
Information
Women, the State and Revolution
Soviet Family Policy and Social Life, 1917–1936
, pp. 59 - 100
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1993

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