Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Conventions used in the book
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 The sounds of Turkish
- Chapter 3 The noun: an overview
- Chapter 4 Case markers
- Chapter 5 Genitive and possessive
- Chapter 6 Numerals and plurality
- Chapter 7 Existential var / yok
- Chapter 8 Pronouns
- Chapter 9 The verb: an overview
- Chapter 10 -Iyor, the progressive
- Chapter 11 Future with -(y)AcAK
- Chapter 12 Past with -DI and -(y)DI
- Chapter 13 -mIş and -(y)mIş
- Chapter 14 Present tense with the aorist -Ir/-Ar
- Chapter 15 -mAktA and -DIr
- Chapter 16 Imperative and optative
- Chapter 17 Compound tenses
- Chapter 18 Person markers
- Chapter 19 Postpositions
- Chapter 20 Passive
- Chapter 21 Causative
- Chapter 22 Reflexive
- Chapter 23 Reciprocal
- Chapter 24 Subordination
- Chapter 25 Infinitives with -mA and -mAK
- Chapter 26 Adjectives
- Chapter 27 Adverbials
- Chapter 28 Conditional
- Chapter 29 Ability and possibility with -(y)Abil
- Chapter 30 Obligation and necessity
- Chapter 31 Relative clauses
- Chapter 32 Word order
- Chapter 33 Questions
- Chapter 34 Negation
- Chapter 35 Coordination
- Chapter 36 Diminutive
- Chapter 37 Reduplication
- Chapter 38 Interjections and some idiomatic expressions
- Chapter 39 Spelling and punctuation
- Chapter 40 Conversation
- Appendix A Verbal inflection paradigms
- Appendix B Nominal inflection paradigms
- Appendix C Verbs categorized according to their case-marked complements
- Appendix D Verbs categorized according to their clausal complement types
- Appendix E Selected grammar books for further study
- Appendix F Answer key to the exercises
- Appendix G Glossary of grammatical terms
- Index
Chapter 9 - The verb: an overview
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Conventions used in the book
- Chapter 1 Introduction
- Chapter 2 The sounds of Turkish
- Chapter 3 The noun: an overview
- Chapter 4 Case markers
- Chapter 5 Genitive and possessive
- Chapter 6 Numerals and plurality
- Chapter 7 Existential var / yok
- Chapter 8 Pronouns
- Chapter 9 The verb: an overview
- Chapter 10 -Iyor, the progressive
- Chapter 11 Future with -(y)AcAK
- Chapter 12 Past with -DI and -(y)DI
- Chapter 13 -mIş and -(y)mIş
- Chapter 14 Present tense with the aorist -Ir/-Ar
- Chapter 15 -mAktA and -DIr
- Chapter 16 Imperative and optative
- Chapter 17 Compound tenses
- Chapter 18 Person markers
- Chapter 19 Postpositions
- Chapter 20 Passive
- Chapter 21 Causative
- Chapter 22 Reflexive
- Chapter 23 Reciprocal
- Chapter 24 Subordination
- Chapter 25 Infinitives with -mA and -mAK
- Chapter 26 Adjectives
- Chapter 27 Adverbials
- Chapter 28 Conditional
- Chapter 29 Ability and possibility with -(y)Abil
- Chapter 30 Obligation and necessity
- Chapter 31 Relative clauses
- Chapter 32 Word order
- Chapter 33 Questions
- Chapter 34 Negation
- Chapter 35 Coordination
- Chapter 36 Diminutive
- Chapter 37 Reduplication
- Chapter 38 Interjections and some idiomatic expressions
- Chapter 39 Spelling and punctuation
- Chapter 40 Conversation
- Appendix A Verbal inflection paradigms
- Appendix B Nominal inflection paradigms
- Appendix C Verbs categorized according to their case-marked complements
- Appendix D Verbs categorized according to their clausal complement types
- Appendix E Selected grammar books for further study
- Appendix F Answer key to the exercises
- Appendix G Glossary of grammatical terms
- Index
Summary
Verbal inflection
The verb complex is composed of the verb stem, tense, aspect, and modality markers and the person markers. Turkish marks the subject on the verb with person markers. The negative marker -mA is attached directly to a verb stem, preceding most other suffixes. Only the voice suffixes and the ability marker -(y)A(bil) may precede negation. The yes-no question particle, if there is one, appears either before or after the tense markers, depending on the person marker paradigm. In the following chapters, each tense marker is discussed in terms of its meaning, use, formation, and the other inflectional markers, negation, and person markers that it co-occurs with.
The Turkish verb complex is represented in the table on page 81. The verb stem, either in the root form or with voice suffixes, appears as the first part of the verb complex. It is followed by negative -mA. Tense, aspect, and modality markers are listed right after the verb. The copula markers that are discussed as compound tenses in the following chapters follow the tense, aspect, and modality markers. Person markers are attached at the end of the complex and may appear in three different forms or paradigms, depending on the tense, aspect, and modality markers that they follow. The k-paradigm follows -DI or -(y)DI and -(y)sA, l-paradigm follows the optative -(y)A. The z-paradigm appears elsewhere.
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- A Student Grammar of Turkish , pp. 80 - 86Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2012