This chapter – the second of three that examine the surviving copy of the Peutinger map from multiple perspectives – is divided into four principal sections. These consider the fundamentals of the map's design; the mapmaking practice that it reflects; and the map's various physical and cultural components, with special reference to the route network and associated pictorial symbols. Because, remarkably, no such detailed analysis of the map from a specifically cartographic viewpoint has ever been attempted, this chapter in its turn breaks new ground and may thereby contribute to the broader history of cartography. Uniting the chapter's sections is a concern to elucidate the range and quality of expertise that the map's cartography displays, as well as to identify what may be deduced about the aims that its maker had in mind. Findings here are incorporated into the wider appraisal of the context and purpose originally intended for the map, which is to follow in Chapter 5. The analysis in the present chapter depends upon the unverifiable assumption that the surviving copy does represent a sufficiently accurate rendering of the lost original as to permit a reliable discussion of its design and character by reference to the copy alone. To some degree or other, this assumption is likely to be flawed, and hence the issue of the copy's divergence from the lost original is specifically addressed in Chapter 4. In the absence of detailed testimony beyond the single copy, however, there is no alternative means by which to proceed.