Book contents
- Frontmatter
- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
- Contents
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
- INTRODUCTION
- CHAP. I GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION
- CHAP. II GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION—continued
- CHAP. III GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION—concluded
- CHAP. IV MEANS OF EXPRESSION IN ANIMALS
- CHAP. V SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF ANIMALS
- CHAP. VI SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF MAN: SUFFERING AND WEEPING
- CHAP. VII LOW SPIRITS, ANXIETY, GRIEF, DEJECTION, DESPAIR
- CHAP. VIII JOY, HIGH SPIRITS, LOVE, TENDER FEELINGS, DEVOTION
- CHAP. IX REFLECTION—MEDITATION—ILL-TEMPER—SULKINESS—DETERMINATION
- CHAP. X HATRED AND ANGER
- CHAP. XI DISDAIN — CONTEMPT — DISGUST — GUILT — PRIDE, ETC. — HELPLESSNESS — PATIENCE — AFFIRMATION AND NEGATION
- CHAP. XII SURPRISE—ASTONISHMENT—FEAR—HORROR
- CHAP. XIII SELF-ATTENTION—SHAME—SHYNESS—MODESTY: BLUSHING
- CHAP. XIV CONCLUDING REMARKS AND SUMMARY
- INDEX
- Plate section
CHAP. XII - SURPRISE—ASTONISHMENT—FEAR—HORROR
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 September 2010
- Frontmatter
- PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
- Contents
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
- INTRODUCTION
- CHAP. I GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION
- CHAP. II GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION—continued
- CHAP. III GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXPRESSION—concluded
- CHAP. IV MEANS OF EXPRESSION IN ANIMALS
- CHAP. V SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF ANIMALS
- CHAP. VI SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS OF MAN: SUFFERING AND WEEPING
- CHAP. VII LOW SPIRITS, ANXIETY, GRIEF, DEJECTION, DESPAIR
- CHAP. VIII JOY, HIGH SPIRITS, LOVE, TENDER FEELINGS, DEVOTION
- CHAP. IX REFLECTION—MEDITATION—ILL-TEMPER—SULKINESS—DETERMINATION
- CHAP. X HATRED AND ANGER
- CHAP. XI DISDAIN — CONTEMPT — DISGUST — GUILT — PRIDE, ETC. — HELPLESSNESS — PATIENCE — AFFIRMATION AND NEGATION
- CHAP. XII SURPRISE—ASTONISHMENT—FEAR—HORROR
- CHAP. XIII SELF-ATTENTION—SHAME—SHYNESS—MODESTY: BLUSHING
- CHAP. XIV CONCLUDING REMARKS AND SUMMARY
- INDEX
- Plate section
Summary
Attention, if sudden and close, graduates into surprise; and this into astonishment; and this into stupefied amazement. The latter frame of mind is closely akin to terror. Attention is shown by the eyebrows being slightly raised; and as this state increases into surprise, they are raised to a much greater extent, with the eyes and mouth widely open. The raising of the eyebrows is necessary in order that the eyes should be opened quickly and widely; and this movement produces transverse wrinkles across the forehead. The degree to which the eyes and mouth are opened corresponds with the degree of surprise felt: but these movements must be co-ordinated; for a widely opened mouth with eyebrows only slightly raised, results in a meaningless grimace, as Dr. Duchenne has shown in one of his photographs. On the other hand, a person may often be seen to pretend surprise by merely raising his eyebrows.
Dr. Duchenne has given a photograph of an old man with his eyebrows well elevated and arched by the galvanization of the frontal muscle; and with his mouth voluntarily opened. This figure expresses surprise with much truth. I showed it to twenty-four persons without a word of explanation, and one alone did not at all understand what was intended. A second person answered terror, which is not far wrong; some of the others, however, added to the words surprise or astonishment, the epithets horrified, woful, painful, or disgusted.
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- The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals , pp. 293 - 327Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009First published in: 1890