Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-tsvsl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-26T08:39:51.339Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

3 - Mainstreaming climate change: a theoretical exploration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 May 2010

Nicolien van der Grijp
Affiliation:
VU University, Amsterdam
Joyeeta Gupta
Affiliation:
VU University, Amsterdam
Get access

Summary

Introduction

There is increasing pressure in the policy world to mainstream climate change into development and development cooperation (see Section 1.6). Mainstreaming is a concept that brings marginal, sectoral, issues into the centre of discussions, thereby attracting more political attention, economic resources and intellectual capacities. The term ‘mainstreaming’ is often used loosely in climate discussions to mean a range of ideas that are referred to here as ‘incorporation’. It is also often used interchangeably with integration. However, this chapter argues that it is preferable to give a more specific meaning to the concept of mainstreaming and to make a clear distinction between mainstreaming and integration.

This chapter discusses the policy evolution of, and the driving factors behind, mainstreaming discussions to set the stage for the theoretical analysis (see Section 3.2). It examines what mainstreaming climate change means for development and development cooperation (see Section 3.3). It operationalizes the different elements of such processes (see Section 3.4) before drawing conclusions (see Section 3.5).

This chapter argues, first, that the policy attention to mainstreaming climate change into development and development cooperation arises out of the diverse motivations of the various actors. Second, the current discussions on climate-change mainstreaming follow mainstreaming discussions in other fields (e.g. gender) and its proponents should learn from and link up, where relevant, with them. Third, mainstreaming is the last step in the stages of incorporating climate change into policy processes.

Type
Chapter
Information
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Development Cooperation
Theory, Practice and Implications for the European Union
, pp. 67 - 96
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agrawala, S., ed. (2005). Bridge over Troubled Waters: Linking Climate Change and Development. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
Agrawala, S. and Aalst, M. (2008). Adapting development cooperation to adapt to climate change. Climate Policy, 8(2), 183–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Beijing Declaration (1995). Declaration of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing. Available online at http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/declar.htm.
Benson, C. and Twigg, J. (2007). Tools for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction: Guidance Notes for Development Organizations. Geneva: ProVention Consortium.Google Scholar
Bouwer, L. M. and Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2006). Financing climate change adaptation. Disasters, 30(1), 49–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caparrós, A. and Pereau, J.-C. (2005). Climate Change Abatement and Development Aid in North–South Differential Games. Mimeo. Madrid: National Council for Scientific Research.Google Scholar
,CEC (2000). Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament, The European Community's Development Policy, COM(2000)212 final, 26 April 2000. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.Google Scholar
,CEC (2001). Commission Staff Working Paper, Integrating the Environment into EC Economic and Development Cooperation, SEC(2001)609 final, 10 April 2001. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.Google Scholar
Chamsyah, B. (2007). Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in National Policies and Programmes: An Overview of National Action Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia. Paper presented at the 2nd Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, New Delhi, 7–8 November 2007.
,Council of Europe (1998). Gender Mainstreaming: Conceptual Framework, Methodology, and Conceptualisation of Existing Practices. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Danida, (2008). Danish Climate and Development Action Programme: A Tool Kit for Climate Proofing Danish Development Cooperation. Copenhagen: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark.Google Scholar
,Delhi Declaration (2004). Declaration of the World Congress on Natural Disaster Mitigation, New Delhi, 19–22 February 2004; available online at http://www.ieindia.org/recommend/worldcongnatdisastmiti.pdf.
Dilley, M., Chen, R. S., Deichmann, U., Lerner-Lam, A. L. and Arnold, M. (2005). Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,European Court of Auditors (2006). Court of Auditors Special Report No. 6/2006 Concerning the Environmental Aspects of the Commission's Development Cooperation (Pursuant to Article 248(4), Second Subparagraph, EC). OJ C 235/1, 29 September 2009.
,ECOSOC (2006). United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Resolution 2006/36: Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective into All Policies and Programmes in the United Nations System, 27 July 2006, available online at http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46c455acf.html.
,European Union (2005). Joint Statement by the Council and the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States Meeting within the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission: The European Consensus on Development, EU Document 2006/C46/01. Official Journal of the European Union C46, 1–19, 24 February 2006.
,EU Cardiff Conclusions (1998). Presidency Conclusions: Cardiff European Council, 15–16 June 1998, EU Document SN 150/1/98 REV 1.
,EU Cologne Report (1999). Commission Working Paper Addressed to the European Council: The Cologne Report on Environmental Integration – Mainstreaming of Environmental Policy, SEC(99)777 final, 26 May 1999. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.Google Scholar
,G-77 and China Summit Declaration (2005). Doha Declaration, Second South Summit 2005, G-77/SS/2005/1.
Gigli, S. and Agrawala, S. (2007). Stocktaking of Progress on Integrating Adaptation to Climate Change into Development Co-operation Activities. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Google Scholar
Gupta, J. (1997). The Climate Change Convention and Developing Countries: From Conflict to Consensus?Dordrecht/Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Gupta, J. (2007). Legal steps outside the climate convention: litigation as a tool to address climate change. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 16(1), 76–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, J. and Hisschemöller, M. (1997). Issue-linkages: a global strategy towards sustainable development. International Environmental Affairs, 9(4), 289–308.Google Scholar
Gupta, J., Persson, Å., Olsson, L.et al. (2010). Mainstreaming climate change in development cooperation: conditions for success, in Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change, ed. Hulme, M. and Neufeldt, H.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gupta, J., Beukering, P., Asselt, H.et al. (2008). Flexibility mechanisms and sustainable development: lessons from five AIJ projects. Climate Policy, 8(3), 261–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, C. (2002). Mainstreaming Gender Perspectives in Environmental Management and Mitigation of Natural Disasters. Paper presented at the Roundtable Panel and Discussion organized by the United Nations Division for the Advancement of Women and the NGO Committee on the Status of Women in preparation for the 46th session of the Commission on the Status of Women on the Disproportionate Impact of Natural Disasters on Women, 17 January 2002.
Hemmati, M. (2008). Gender Perspectives on Climate Change. Written statement, United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, 52nd session, New York, NY, 25 February–7 March 2008; Women for Climate Justice.Google Scholar
Hicks, R. L., Parks, B. C., Roberts, J. T. and Tierney, M. J. (2008). Greening Aid? Understanding the Environmental Impact of Development Assistance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooper, B. (2005). Integrated River Basin Governance: Learning from International Experience. London: International Water Association Publishing.Google Scholar
Huq, S., Reid, H. and Murray, L. (2006). Climate Change and Development Links. IIED Gatekeeper Series 123. London: International Institute for Environment and Development.Google Scholar
,Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
,IPCC-2 (2007). Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
,IPCC-3 (2007). Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Klein, R. J. T., Eriksen, S. E. H., Næss, L. O.et al. (2007). Portfolio screening to support the mainstreaming of adaptation to climate change into development assistance. Climatic Change, 84(1), 23–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lafferty, W. and Hovden, E. (2003). Environmental policy integration: towards an analytical framework. Environmental Politics, 12(3), 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lasco, R. D., Pulhin, F. P., Jaranilla-Sanchez, P. A., Garcia, K. B. and Gerpacio, R. V. (2008). Mainstreaming Climate Change in the Philippines. Working Paper No. 62. Los Banos: World Agroforestry Centre.Google Scholar
Mani, M., Markandaya, A. and Ipe, V. (2008). Climate Change: Adaptation and Mitigation in Development Programs – A Practical Guide. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar
Maurer, C. and Bhandari, R. (2000). The Climate of Export Credit Agencies, New York, NY: World Resources Institute.Google Scholar
McGray, H., Hammill, A. and Bradley, R. (2007). Weathering the Storm: Options for Framing Adaptation and Development. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute.Google Scholar
Michaelowa, A. and Michaelowa, K. (2008). Climate or development: is ODA diverted from its original purpose?Climatic Change, 84(1), 5–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (1999). Compendium on Donors' Operational Practices in Support of Environmental Goals. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Google Scholar
,Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (2001). Donor Support for Institutional Capacity Development in Environment: Lessons Learned. Evaluation and Aid Effectiveness No. 3. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Google Scholar
Persson, Å. (2007). Different perspectives on EPI, in Environmental Policy Integration in Practice: Shaping Institutions for Learning, ed. Nilsson, M. and Eckerberg, K.. London: Earthscan, pp. 25–48.Google Scholar
Persson, Å. (2009). Environmental policy integration and bilateral development assistance: challenges and opportunities with an evolving governance framework. International Environmental Agreements, 9(4), 409–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Persson, Å. and Klein, R. J. T. (2009). Mainstreaming adaptation to climate change into official development assistance: challenges to Foreign Policy Integration, in Environmental Change and Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice, ed. Harris, P.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 162–77.Google Scholar
Picciotto, R. (2002). The logic of mainstreaming: a development evaluation perspective. Evaluation, 8(3), 322–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pincha, C. (2008). Disaster Sensitive Gender Management: A Toolkit for Practitioners. Chennai: Earthworm Books for Oxfam America and NANBAN Trust.Google Scholar
Rees, T. (1998). Mainstreaming Equality in the European Union: Education, Training and Labour Market Policies. London/New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
,Rio Declaration (1992). Rio Declaration and Agenda 21. Report on the UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, UN Document A/CONF.151/26/Rev. 1 (Vols. 1–III). New York, NY: United Nations.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. T. (2007). Urgent but uncertain: the dilemmas for climate change, development, adaptation and justice for development and humanitarian work. Monday Developments: The Latest Issues and Trends in International Development and Humanitarian Assistance. August 2007, 10–11.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. T., Starr, K., Jones, T. and Abdel-Fattah, D. (2008). The Reality of Official Climate Aid. Oxford Energy and Environment Comment November 2008. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.Google Scholar
Röhr, U. (2006). Gender Relations in International Climate Change Negotiations. Berlin: LIFE e.V./Genanet/WECF.Google Scholar
,SAARC (2008). Background paper for the SAARC Workshop on Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Development, organized by SAARC Disaster Management Centre, New Delhi in collaboration with the Disaster Management Centre (DMC), Government of Sri Lanka.
Schipper, L. and Pelling, M. (2006). Disaster risk, climate change and international development: scope for, and challenges to, integration. Disasters, 30(1), 19–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seymour, F., Maurer, C. and Quiroga, R. (2005). Environmental Mainstreaming: Applications in the Context of Modernization of the State, Social Development, Competitiveness, and Regional Integration. New York, NY: Inter-American Development Bank, Sustainable Development Department.Google Scholar
Skutsch, M. (2004). CDM and LULUCF: What's in It for Women? A Note for the Gender and Climate Change Network. Enschede: University of Twente.Google Scholar
Skutsch, M. and Wamukonya, N. (2001). Is there a gender angle to climate change negotiations?Energy & Environment, 13(1), 115–24.Google Scholar
Tearfund, (2005). Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management: A Tool for Development Organizations. Teddington: Tearfund.Google Scholar
Tearfund, (2006). Overcoming the Barriers: Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Developing Countries, Tearfund Climate Change Briefing Paper 1. Teddington: Tearfund.Google Scholar
,United Nations Environment Programme (2007). GEO Yearbook: An Overview of Our Changing Environment. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme.Google Scholar
,UNEP–UNDP (2007). Guidance Note on Mainstreaming Environment into National Development Planning. Nairobi/New York, NY: United Nations Environment Programme and United Nations Development Programme.Google Scholar
,US AID (2007). Adapting to Climate Variability and Change: A Guidance Manual for Development Planning. Washington, D.C.: United States Agency for International Development.Google Scholar
,US AID (2008). Integrating Climate Change into Development. Washington, D.C.: United States Agency for International Development.Google Scholar
Aalst, M. (2006). Managing Climate Risk: Integrating Adaptation into World Bank Group Operations. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.Google Scholar
Walby, S. (2005). Gender mainstreaming: productive tensions in theory and practice. Social Politics, 12(3), 321–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
,WCED (1987). Our Common Future: Brundtland Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Werksman, J. D. (1993). Greening Bretton Woods, in Greening International Law, ed. Sands, P.. London: Earthscan, pp. 65–84.Google Scholar
,World Bank (2008). Climate Investment Funds website and presentations, published online at http://www.worldbank.org.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×