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4 - Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plants – the Search for New Jungle Medicines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2010

Mark J. Plotkin Ph.D.
Affiliation:
Director, Plant Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, and Associate in Ethnobotanical Conservation, Harvard Botanical Museum
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Summary

“Through most of man's history, botany and medicine were, for all practical purposes, synonymous fields of knowledge, and the shaman, or witch-doctor – usually an accomplished botanist – represents probably the oldest professional man in the evolution of human culture.”

R.E. Schultes, 1972

Conservation

In 1980, Harvard magazine asked several of the University's most prominent faculty members what they considered to be the single most serious problem facing mankind. Dr E. O. Wilson, noted entomologist and sociobiologist, wrote:

“What event likely to occur in the 1980s will our descendants most regret, even those living a thousand years from now? My opinion is not conventional, although I wish it were. The worst thing that can happen – will happen – is not energy depletion, economic collapse, limited nuclear war, or conquest by a totalitarian government. As terrible as these catastrophes would be for us, they can be repaired within a few generations. The one process ongoing in the 1980s that will take millions of years to correct is the loss of genetic and species diversity by the destruction of natural habitats. This is the folly our descendants are least likely to forgive us.”

There exists widespread agreement among biologists that the rate of species extinction is increasing at an alarming rate. Although many temperate life forms like the California condor (Gymnogyps californicus) and the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) are on the verge of extinction and may disappear during the next decade, the majority of the world's threatened species inhabit the tropical forests.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1991

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