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11 - Diatoms in ancient lakes

from Part II - Diatoms as indicators of environmental change in flowing waters and lakes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

By
Anson W. MacKay ,
Mark B. Edlund  and
Galina Khursevich
Edited by
John P. Smol  and
Eugene F. Stoermer
Anson W. MacKay
Affiliation:
Environmental Change Research Centre (ECRC)
Mark B. Edlund
Affiliation:
St. Croix Watershed Research Station
Galina Khursevich
Affiliation:
M. Tank State Pedagogical University
John P. Smol
Affiliation:
Queen's University, Ontario
Eugene F. Stoermer
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Summary

Introduction

We define ancient lakes as those that contain sedimentary records that span timescales since at least the last interglacial (c. 128 ka before present (BP)). We use this definition because by far the majority of diatom applications and reconstructions are undertaken on lakes that have formed since the end of the last glaciation (Termination 1). Ancient lakes are commonly found within grabens in active rift zones. Important examples include lakes Baikal (Russia), Biwa (Japan), Hövsgöl (Mongolia), Kivu (Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda), Malawi (Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania), Ohrid (Albania and Macedonia) and Prespa (Greece, Albania and Macedonia), Tanganyika (Burundi, Congo, Tanzania), Titicaca (Bolivia, Peru), Tule (USA), and Victoria (Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda). These extant lakes contain sedimentary archives that often span at least the full Quaternary period (c. 2.6 million years (Ma)). Other ancient lakes with significantly long sedimentary archives include those associated with volcanic activity, e.g. Lake Albano (Italy), karst landscapes, e.g. Ioannina (Greece), and meteorite-impact craters such as El'gygytgyn (Russia), Pingualuit (Canada), Bosumtwi (Ghana), and Tswaing (formerly known as the Pretoria Salt Pan) (South Africa).

Diatom records from ancient lakes provide potentially powerful insights into mechanisms of environmental change over glacial–interglacial (G–IG) timescales, with most studies focusing on interpretation of paleoclimate records. However, records from ancient lakes can also provide useful insights into ecology and evolution of diatoms over long timescales (Khursevich et al. 2001).

Type
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The Diatoms
Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences
 , pp. 209 - 228
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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