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9 - NMR imaging studies of translational motion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2010

William S. Price
William S. Price
Affiliation:
University of Western Sydney
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Summary

Introduction

Most simplistically, mutual diffusion can be probed by imaging diffusion profiles (e.g., the ingress of a solvent into a material). However, the integration of MRI techniques with the gradient-based measurements of translational motion that we have discussed in previous chapters allows for potentially more information to be obtained – especially from spatially inhomogeneous samples. It also provides additional techniques for measuring such motions. Diffusion is extremely important in MRI, and, amongst other effects, at very high resolutions it determines the ultimate resolution limit when the distance moved by a molecule is comparable to voxel dimensions. Further, since motion is more restricted near a boundary, the spins near the boundary are less dephased (attenuated) during the application of imaging gradients in high resolution imaging, consequently a stronger signal is obtained near the boundary and this has become known as diffusive edge enhancement. Relatedly, since the length scales that can be probed with NMR diffusion measurements encompass those that restrict diffusion in cellular systems, the combination of PGSE with imaging techniques can result in MRI contrasts. Whilst there can be diffusion anisotropy at the microscopic level (e.g., diffusion in a biological cell), the MRI sampling is coarse and thus if there is too much inhomogeneity of the ordering of the microscopic anisotropic systems, the information obtained from the voxel will appear isotropic.

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NMR Studies of Translational Motion
Principles and Applications
 , pp. 296 - 307
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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