INTRODUCTION

During the 83rd Congress, several Republican senators died in office, giving Democrats a numerical advantage in the number of seats in the chamber. Despite their unexpected new “majority” status, however, the Democrats decided not to take official control of the chamber, uncertain that there was advantage in shouldering such responsibility. Previous chapters give substantial support to this uncertainty; specifically, I argue that unified control of government has been, at best, a mixed blessing in recent years, particularly for the president's party in Congress.

The central paradox of this book is that the power associated with unified control of government makes the governing party more vulnerable: In a form of political jujitsu, the opposition party can turn the governing party's own strength against it. The governing party is powerful enough to be held responsible for the output of government but is generally too weak to achieve its goals over the minority's objections.