Given the similarities between Greek letters and English letters, it is important to note any important differences between them. In some cases, superficial resemblances can lead to significant errors. Writing Greek letters clearly is also an important aid to memorization. The following guidelines will help you form your letters correctly, especially in those cases in which a given Greek letter bears a strong resemblance to the Latin (English) letters you already know:

1. Not all Greek letters are the same height. Parts of the following letters are written below the line: β γ ζ η μ ξ ρ ϕ χ ψ ς.

2. Greek β should be made with one continuous stroke in contrast to English “b,” which is made with two strokes.

3. Never dot an ι (iota) and make sure it curls up at the bottom, unlike English “i.”

4. Greek κ should be half the height of English “k.”

5. Carefully form η to distinguish it from English “n.”

6. Carefully form ν to distinguish it from Greek υ and English “v.”

7. ξ is written below the bottom line.

8. Carefully form ρ to distinguish it from English “p,” which is made with two strokes.

9. Carefully form medial σ to distinguish it from Greek ο.

10. Carefully form Greek τ to distinguish it from English “t,” which is taller.

11. Carefully form the Greek letter υ, which is made with one stroke, not two. This will help you distinguish it from the English “u,” which is made with two strokes.

The Iota Subscript

A small ι is sometimes written under the vowels α, η, or ω, especially when they are final. This small ι is known as an iota subscript because it is written below (i.e., sub) the vowel. This iota subscript does not affect pronunciation. Vowels with an iota subscript are pronounced in the same way as the corresponding vowel without an iota subscript.