The main purpose of this book has been to draw attention to the escalating conflict within Israel between its Jewish majority and its Palestinian minority and to offer our ideas for how this conflict can be alleviated. This is not just an issue of domestic importance to Israel that threatens the country's internal stability and even its democratic regime. It is also an issue that is inextricably linked to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a conflict with massive regional and even global repercussions. We believe that the existence of a sizable Palestinian national minority within Israel has major implications for how the State of Israel should define itself and behave and for how the long-running conflict between Israel and the Palestinian nation should be resolved. Simply put, it means that it is highly problematic for the State of Israel to define itself as an exclusively Jewish state, and that it is wrong to believe that the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians can be solved by the two-state solution alone, that is a Jewish state and a Palestinian state.