Introduction

This chapter examines acoustic clues of six emotional states (neutral, surprise, happiness, anger, sadness and fear) in the production of Russian vowels. The findings are presented and discussed for three groups of vowels: unstressed, stressed and pitch accented. The research data come from the RUSLANA (Russian Language Affective) database of Standard Russian.

Emotions “convey the psychological state of a person” (Iliev et al. 2010, 445). They are “conceived to be natural bodily experiences and expressions, older than language, irrational and subjective, unconscious rather than deliberate, genuine rather than artificial, feelings rather than thoughts” (Edwards 1999, 272). Humans can express and identify emotions with a variety of communication forms including vocal (linguistic, verbal art) and non-vocal (facial expressions, shaking, changes in skin coloration, blood pressure, heart rate, sweating, posture, clothing, hairstyle, non-verbal art, gesticulation and behavioral patterns) (Anolli and Ciceri 2001; Iliev et al. 2010).

Expression of emotions in speech currently attracts scholars from a wide range of disciplines, such as literary criticism, neuroscience, anthropology, pragmatics, communication sciences, psychology, physiology, linguistics, applied linguistics, education, engineering, computer science, psychotherapy and psychiatry (Wierzbicka 1997; Johnstone and Scherer 2000; Pavlenko 2005; Imai 2007). All the structural levels and most functional forms of language serve to express emotions.