Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of tables, schemes and diagrams
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Organisation and cross-referencing
- List of abbreviations
- Map
- 1 The language and its speakers
- 2 Phonology
- 3 Word classes
- 4 Nominal morphology and noun structure
- 5 Noun classes and classifiers
- 6 Possession
- 7 Case marking and grammatical relations
- 8 Number
- 9 Further nominal categories
- 10 Derivation and compounding
- 11 Closed word classes
- 12 Verb classes and predicate structure
- 13 Valency changing and argument rearranging mechanisms
- 14 Tense and evidentiality
- 15 Aspect, Aktionsart and degree
- 16 Mood and modality
- 17 Negation
- 18 Serial verb constructions and verb compounding
- 19 Complex predicates
- 20 Participles and nominalisations
- 21 Clause types and other syntactic issues
- 22 Subordinate clauses and clause linking
- 23 Relative clauses
- 24 Complement clauses
- 25 Discourse organisation
- 26 Issues in etymology and semantics
- Appendix. The main features of the Tariana dialects
- Texts
- Vocabulary
- References
- Index of authors, languages and subjects
13 - Valency changing and argument rearranging mechanisms
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 August 2013
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of tables, schemes and diagrams
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Organisation and cross-referencing
- List of abbreviations
- Map
- 1 The language and its speakers
- 2 Phonology
- 3 Word classes
- 4 Nominal morphology and noun structure
- 5 Noun classes and classifiers
- 6 Possession
- 7 Case marking and grammatical relations
- 8 Number
- 9 Further nominal categories
- 10 Derivation and compounding
- 11 Closed word classes
- 12 Verb classes and predicate structure
- 13 Valency changing and argument rearranging mechanisms
- 14 Tense and evidentiality
- 15 Aspect, Aktionsart and degree
- 16 Mood and modality
- 17 Negation
- 18 Serial verb constructions and verb compounding
- 19 Complex predicates
- 20 Participles and nominalisations
- 21 Clause types and other syntactic issues
- 22 Subordinate clauses and clause linking
- 23 Relative clauses
- 24 Complement clauses
- 25 Discourse organisation
- 26 Issues in etymology and semantics
- Appendix. The main features of the Tariana dialects
- Texts
- Vocabulary
- References
- Index of authors, languages and subjects
Summary
Tariana has two valency reducing operations – passive (§13.1) and reflexive-reciprocal (§13.2), and three valency increasing causativising mechanisms (considered in §13.3). There is also an argument-adding mechanism distinct from both causatives and applicatives (see §13.4). Another mechanism does not affect the transitivity value of a verb, but instead rearranges the arguments (§13.5). §13.6 contains a summary of valency changing and argument rearranging mechanisms, showing that their application provides additional evidence as to what grammatical relations must be distinguished in this language.
Passive
Passive is marked with prefix ka- (also used in participles – see Chapter 20) and suffix -kana. It can be followed by an auxiliary verb -a ‘go, do, give’ which takes the subject prefix. When a passive form is negated, ka- is replaced by ma- ‘negative’ and the negative suffix -kade is added after -kana (also see §17.2).
Passive can be derived from any verb except for those of the Sio type. Passives derived from (A) transitive and ditransitive, (B) prefixed active intransitive (Sa) and (C) prefixless verbs (So) have different semantic effect. Passives can be nominalised; they then show some functional and semantic overlap with passive participles; see (D). The syntactic functions and the pragmatic effect of the passive is discussed in (E).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- A Grammar of Tariana, from Northwest Amazonia , pp. 258 - 286Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2003