1. Uric acid

1. A. is formed from the breakdown of purines.

2. B. serum concentrations are raised during normal pregnancy.

3. C. serum concentrations are increased during thiazide diuretic therapy.

4. D. is reabsorbed in the proximal renal tubule.

5. E. is excreted unchanged in the urine.

2. The level of serum uric acid characteristically

1. A. falls with starvation.

2. B. is higher in men than women.

3. C. rises on taking corticosteroid therapy.

4. D. falls on treatment with 5 g of aspirin daily.

5. E. increases in acute leukaemia.

3. Renal sodium retention is favoured by

1. A. a high glomerular filtration rate.

2. B. increased secretion of renin.

3. C. haemoconcentration.

4. D. expansion of plasma volume.

5. E. a low renal blood flow.

4. Deficiency of the following substances and diseases are correctly matched:

1. A. thiamine: pellagra.

2. B. cyanocobalamin : microcytic anaemia.

3. C. niacin: beriberi.

4. D. folates: sprue.

5. E. ascorbic acid: night blindness.

5. Fetal pulmonary surfactant

1. A. contains less than 10% lipid.

2. B. can be detected in amniotic fluid.

3. C. contains phosphatidylglycerol.

4. D. is predominantly dipalmitol-phosphatidylcholine.

5. E. is more than 40% albumin.

6. Potassium

1. A. is mainly intracellular.

2. B. plasma levels vary in proportion to intracellular levels.

3. C. plasma levels are decreased in Addison's disease.

4. D. plasma levels are increased in diabetic ketoacidosis.

5. E. deficiency occurs with prolonged vomiting.