However much this third section, of proof by expert opinion from similar or more hazardous operations, may appear to follow from the other two, which involve case histories and rationalisation by comparing similar to similar, or greater operations to more minor ones, we will consider here – for want of identical ones – operations for similar or worse conditions insofar as the goal, technique or complications are concerned. In this, we have tried to follow the advice of the wise Periander, of introducing nothing (albeit reasoning with conviction) that is inconsistent with ancient teachings or local custom, and relying only on well-accepted observations in identical, or very similar cases.

Of the abdominal muscles, from historical authority

Following the order above, we will begin with the abdominal muscles. Let us first consider the authority of Galen in his fifth Book, where he deals with patients suffering from large, deep abscesses, which he diagnosed despite the contrary opinion of other doctors. I refer sceptics to Galen's work.

Sieur Paré and others have seen (as I have) such an abscess, of unbelievable size and danger, even in the judgment of the most competent doctors and surgeons in the Realm who were consulted: these were doctors Houllier, de Gorris, Duret, and Budé (from Orléans), Antoine François (from Estampes) and Flexelles; surgeons (from Nîmes): Paré, Gérard, le Brun, Tramot, all in attendance; others who were not present but whose advice was sought: du Monceau, Fernel, Race Sr, and others.