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8 - Embryonic Inventions and Embryonic Patents

Prospects, Prophesies, and Pedis Possessio

from Part II - Perspectives on the Problems of Anticommons and Patent Thickets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2011

F. Scott Kieff
Affiliation:
Washington University, St Louis
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Summary

[A] patent is not a hunting license. It is not a reward for the search, but compensation for its successful conclusion.

Brenner v. Manson

For since, as a practical matter, exploration must precede the discovery of minerals, and some occupation of the land ordinarily is necessary for adequate and systematic exploration, legal recognition of the pedis possessio of a bona fide and qualified prospector is universally regarded as a necessity.

Union Oil Co. v. Smith

These two passages, written by the Supreme Court within a fifty-year period, represent two differing approaches to the grant of property rights through a so-called rule of capture. The quote from Brenner v. Manson harks back to the one of the most celebrated rule-of-capture cases in property law: Pierson v. Post, which famously held that “pursuit alone vests no property or right in the huntsman.” The quote from Union Oil Co. v. Smith sets forth the alternative practice, which has long been part of the federal law governing the award of property in oil, gas, and other mineral rights. In that branch of property, pursuit alone does confer on the seeker or prospector some rights, known as pedis possessio or “foothold” rights. Such rights are not full property rights – those can be claimed only upon the completion of prospecting claims with a successful discovery of the mineral deposit. They are instead embryonic property rights, good only “for a reasonable time” while the prospector “remains in possession, diligently working towards discovery.”

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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References

Duffy, John F.Rethinking the Prospect Theory of Patents 71 2004
Kohler, GeorgesMilstein, CésarContinuous Cultures of Fused Cells Secreting Antibody of Predefined Specificity 256 1975PubMed
Milstein, CésarWith the Benefit of Hindsight 21 2000PubMed
Kitch, EdmundThe Nature and Function of the Patent System 20 1977
Demsetz, HaroldToward a Theory of Property 57 1967
Baluch, Andrew S.Relating the Two Experimental Uses in Patent Law: Inventor's Negation and Infringer's Defense 87 2007
1877
Levmore, SaulExplaining Restitution 71 1985

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