Negritude can be defined as an aesthetic and literary movement that began in the 1930s. It centred on the creative and expressive potential of black consciousness, and through its transnational scope became one of the pre-emptive cultural phenomena of the twentieth century. Abiola Irele has proffered a comprehensive definition of Negritude as a ground-breaking literary and cultural phenomenon whose primary accomplishment was the validation and valorization of a wide-ranging black aesthetic. He writes,

Negritude was engendered and flourished in Paris in the mid 1930s, largely as a response to the implicit superiority of white colonizing cultures; it was led and fed by the writings of two black scholars from the French colonies, Aimé Césaire of Martinique and Léopold Sédar Senghor of Senegal. Both of these colonial subjects would go on to become major literary figures, and each would play a leading role in the political life of their respective countries of origin; Senghor became the first president of an independent Senegal, and Césaire served simultaneously as mayor of the Martiniquan capital, Fort-de-France, and as Martinique’s representative in the French National Assembly for over forty-five years.