Ackerman, Bruce, “Obama’s Unconstitutional War” , March 24, 2011.

Anderson, Jon Lee, “King of Kings: The Last Days of Muammar Qaddafi” New Yorker, November 7, 2011, vol. 87, no. 35.Google Scholar

Andres, Richard B., Wills, Craig, and Griffith, Jr. Thomas, “Winning with Allies: The Strategic Value of the Afghan Model” International Security, vol. 30, no. 3 (Winter 2005/06).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Annan, Kofi, “Intervention” Ditchley Foundation Lecture XXXV, June 26, 1998. .

Anrig, Christian F., “Allied Air Power over Libya” Air and Space Power Journal (Winter 2011).

Arrai Television, September 20.

Ashdown, Paddy, “It Is Time for Europe to Back a No-Fly Zone in Libya” Financial Times, March 13, 2011.

Bandow, Doug, “Libya: Costs Outweigh Benefits” National Interest, October 21, 2011.

Baron, Kevin, “For $1 Billion, One Dictator” National Journal, October 21, 2011. .

Bass, Gary J., “How Doing the Right Thing Can Go So Wrong” Washington Post, April 10, 2011.

“Battle for Libya: Key Moments” Al Jazeera, August 23, 2011.

Beaumont, Peter and Chulov, Martin, “Libyan Protesters Risk ‘Suicide’ by Army Hands” Guardian, February 19, 2011. .Google Scholar

Beaumont, Peter and McGreal, Chris, “Front: Libya: Military: Gaddafi’s Jets Slow Rebel Advance on Sirte” Guardian, March 8.

Belasco, Amy, The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations since 9/11. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, RL33110, March 29, 2011.Google Scholar

Bennhold, Katrin, “France Tries to Re-Seize Its Lost Momentum” International Herald Tribune, February 24, 2011.

Biddle, Stephen, “Allies, Airpower, and Modern Warfare: The Afghan Model in Afghanistan and Iraq” International Security, vol. 30, no. 3 (Winter 2005/06).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Biddle, Stephen, “What Bombs Can’t Do in Libya” Washington Post, March 26, 2011.

Billah, Zakarya Moukine, “Libye: Une Opposition Disparate et Déstructurée” Le Monde, February 23, 2011. .Google Scholar

Blank, Ian, “Qatar Admits It Sent Troops to Support NTC Fighters” Guardian, October 27, 2011.

Bolton, John, “Obama Wobbly on Libya” BostonHerald.com, April 21, 2011.

Boot, Max, “Planning for a Post-Qaddafi Libya” New York Times, March 22, 2011.

Borger, Julian, Stephen, Chris, and Norton-Taylor, Richard, “Reversal of Rebel Fortunes That Led to Gates of the Capital” Irish Times, August 23, 2011.

Bourcier, Nicolas, “Benghazi: Les Insurgés se dotent d’un gouvernement” Le Monde, March 8, 2011.

Bourcier, Nicolas, “Libre soldats de Libye” Le Monde, March 10, 2011.

Bowman, Steve, Kosovo and Macedonia: U.S. and Allied Military Operations. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, IB10027, July 8, 2003.Google Scholar

Boyes, Roger, “Hesitant Obama Made Up His Mind Thanks to European Resolve” Times, March 18.

Burns, John F., “Qaddafi Compound Is Pounded in Day Raid” New York Times, June 7, 2011.

Calabresi, Massimo, “Susan Rice: A Voice for Intervention” Time Magazine, March 24, 2011.

“Cameron: UK Working on ‘No-Fly Zone’ Plan for Libya” BBC News, February 28, 2011. .

Carpenter, Ted Galen, “Another War of Choice” National Interest, March 18, 2011.

Chivers, C. J., “Libyan Rebels Don’t Really Add Up to an Army” New York Times, April 7, 2011.

Chivers, C. J., “Problems with Logistics, Coordination and Rivalries Hamper Libya’s Rebels” New York Times, July 21, 2011.

Chivers, C. J., “Taking Airport, Rebels in Libya Loosen Noose” New York Times, May 12, 2011.

Chivers, C. J. and Schmitt, Eric, “Libya’s Civilian Toll: Denied by NATO” New York Times, December 18, 2011.

Chivvis, Christopher S., The Monetary Conservative: Jacques Rueff and Twentieth Century Free Market Thought. De Kalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2010.Google Scholar

Chivvis, Christopher S., “Libya’s Downward Spiral” Foreignpolicy.com, September 13, 2012.

Chorin, Ethan, Exit the Colonel: The Hidden History of the Libyan Revolution. New York: Public Affairs, 2012.Google Scholar

Clapper, James, “Hearing to Receive Testimony on the Current and Future Worldwide Threats to the National Security of the United States.” U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services, March 10, 2011. .

Clark, Wesley K., “Gen. Wesley Clark Says Libya Doesn’t Meet the Test for U.S. Military Action” Washington Post, March 11, 2011.

Clemons, Steve, “Libya: Huge Win for Libyans, a Win for Obama, Challenges Next” Atlantic, August 22, 2011.

Clinton, Hillary, “Testimony on the 2012 State and USAID Budget Request.” U.S. House of Representatives, Appropriations Committee, Washington, DC, March 10, 2011. .

Coates, Sam, “A Lonely War for Cameron . . . But Now He Knows His Comrades in Arms” Times, September 10, 2011.

Cody, Edward, “France, Britain Want NATO to Fight Harder against Qaddafi’s Forces” Washington Post, April 12, 2011. .Google Scholar

Colter, Irwin and Genser, Jared, “Libya and the Responsibility to Protect” International Herald Tribune, February 28, 2011. .Google Scholar

“Comments by Secretary Robert Gates, Secretary of Defense and General James Cartwright, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.” Washington, DC, Thursday, April 21, 2011. .

“Confused in Libya” Washington Post, March 23, 2011.

Cooper, Helene, “Obama and Merkel Tell Qaddafi to Go” New York Times, June 7, 2012. .Google Scholar

Cooper, Helene and Lander, Mark, “Following U.S. Sanctions, U.N. Security Council to Meet on Libya” New York Times, February 26, 2011. .Google Scholar

Cooper, Helene and Lander, Mark, “U.S. Imposes Sanctions on Libya in Wake of Crackdown” New York Times, February 25, 2011.

Cooper, Helene and Lee Myers, Steven, “Shift by Clinton Helped Persuade President to Take a Harder Line” New York Times, March 19, 2011.

Cooper, Robert “The New Liberal Imperialism” Observer.co.uk, April 7, 2002.

Daalder, Ivo, “Libya – A NATO Success Story” Atlantic Council of the United States, Washington, DC, November 7, 2011. .

Daalder, Ivo and Steinberg, James, “The Future of Preemption” American Interest (Winter 2005). .Google Scholar

Daalder, Ivo H. and O’Hanlon, Michael E., Winning Ugly: NATO’s War to Save Kosovo. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2000.Google Scholar

Daalder, Ivo H. and Stavridis, James G., “NATO’s Victory in Libya” Foreign Affairs, vol. 91, no. 2 (March/April 2012).Google Scholar

Dagher, Sam, Levinson, Charles, and Coker, Margaret, “Tiny Kingdom’s Huge Role in Libya Draws Concern” Wall Street Journal, October 17, 2011.

“Debate Builds Steam: West Considers No-Fly Zone for Libya” Der Spiegel, March 8, 2011. .

Decision on the “Prosecutor’s Application Pursuant to Article 58 as to Muammar Mohammed Abu Minya GADDAFI, Saif Al-Islam GADDAFI and Abdullah AL-SENUSSI” Pre-TrialChamber 1, International Criminal Court, ICC-01/11, June 27, 2011.

“Denmark Running Out of Libya Bombs” Politiken, June 9, 2011. .

Densmore, Robert, “French Pilots over Libya Decline US Intel; Clearance Just Too Slow” AOL Defense, September 21, 2011. .

“Des hélicoptères français participent aux frappes” France2.fr, June 4, 2011. .

DeYoung, Karen and Warrick, Joby, “U.S., Allies Step Up Pressure on Libya” Washington Post, March 1, 2011.

Dobbins, James, McGinn, John G., Crane, Keith, Jones, Seth G., Lal, Rollie, Rathmell, Andrew, Swanger, Rachel M., and Timilsina, Anga, America’s Role in Nation-Building: From Germany to Iraq. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2003.Google Scholar

Dobbins, James, Jones, Seth G., Crane, Keith, Rathmell, Andrew, Steele, Brett, Teltschik, Richard, and Timilsina, Anga, The UN’s Role in Nation-Building: From the Congo to Iraq. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dobbins, James, Jones, Seth G., Crane, Keith, DeGrasse, Beth Cole, The Beginners Guide to Nation-Building. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2007.Google Scholar

Dobbins, James, Jones, Seth G., Crane, Keith, Chivvis, Christopher S., Radin, Andrew, Larrabee, F. Stephen, Bensahel, Nora, Stearns, Brooke K., and Goldsmith, Benjamin W., Europe’s Role in Nation-Building: From the Balkans to the Congo. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2008.Google Scholar

Douthat, Ross, “A Very Liberal Intervention” New York Times, March 21, 2011.

Douthat, Ross, “Libya: The End and the Beginning” New York Times Blogs, August 24, 2011.

Drezner, Daniel W., “Does Obama Have a Grand Strategy?” Foreign Affairs, vol. 30, no. 3 (May-June 2011).Google Scholar

Drezner, Daniel W., “Why Libya Is Not a Template for Future Military Statecraft” , August 25, 2011. .

Dubik, James M., “Finish the Job” New York Times, April 26, 2011.

Erlanger, Steven, “Libya’s Dark Lesson for NATO” New York Times, September 4, 2011.

Erlanger, Steven, Bulmiller, Elisabeth, and Kirkpatrick, David D., “Europeans Press Libya Showdown” International Herald Tribune, March 19, 2011.

“Europe’s Leaders Fear Libya Could Become Next Afghanistan” Der Spiegel, March 14, 2011. .

Fahim, Kareem, “Libyan Rebels Dissolve Cabinet Amid Discord” New York Times, August 9, 2011.

Fahim, Kareem, “Libya Rebels Threaten a Supply Line to the Capital” New York Times, August 15, 2011.

Fahim, Kareem, “Refugees Flee Libya Oil City As Qaddafi’s Forces Dig In” New York Times, August 18, 2011.

Fahim, Kareem, “Libyan Rebels Gain Control of Key Oil Refinery as Qaddafi Forces Flee” New York Times, August 19, 2011.

Fahim, Kareem and Kirkpatrick, David D., “Qaddafi’s Grip on the Capital Tightens as Revolt Grows” New York Times, February 23, 2011.

Fahim, Kareem, and Kirkpatrick, David D., “Qaddafi’s Forces Hit Back at Rebels” New York Times, March 1, 2011.

Fahim, Kareem and Kirkpatrick, David D., “Rebels Face Onslaught by Loyalists in Libya” International Herald Tribune, March 9, 2011.

Farmer, Ben, “Inside Benghazi’s Training Camps” Telegraph, April 24, 2011. .Google Scholar

Federal News Service, “Highlights of U.S. Broadcast News Coverage of the Middle East from September 01, 2011.”

Filkins, Dexter, “Flaws in U.S. War Left Hundreds of Civilians Dead” New York Times, July 21, 2002.

Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2010. Washington, DC. .

“French Fighter Jets Fly Over Country” Radio France Internationale (Paris), March 19, 2011.

Garamone, Jim, “Roughead: Ships Were Ready for Odyssey Dawn” American Forces Press Service, March 23, 2011. .

Gates, Robert, U.S. House of Representatives, “Hearing of the Defense Subcommittee of the House Appropriations Committee, U.S. Department of Defense Budget Review” Washington, DC, March 2, 2011.

Gates, Robert, Speech at the United States Military Academy (West Point, NY), February 25, 2011. .

Gelb, Leslie H., “Don’t Use U.S. Force in Libya” The Daily Beast, March 8, 2011.

Gelb, Leslie H., “How Libya Saps America’s Power” Daily Beast, April 17, 2011.

Gelie, Philippe, “La France a parachuté des armes aux rebelles libyens” Le Figaro, June 28, 2011. .

Gerecht, Reuel Marc, and Dubowitz, Mark, “Obama, American Liberator?” Washington Post, September 2, 2011.

Gertler, Jeremiah, “Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya): Background and Issues for Congress” Congressional Research Service, R41725, March 30, 2011.

Gordon, Philip, “The Democratic Wave in the Arab World: Transatlantic Perspectives” Remarks at the EU Washington Forum, Sofitel Lafayette Square Hotel, Washington, DC, October 27, 2011. .

Gros, Philippe, “De Odyssey Dawn à Unified Protector: Bilan transitoire, perspectives et premiers enseignements de l’engagement en Libye” Note de la Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique, April 21, 2011. .

Guibert, Nathalie, “Près de deux mois de frappes intensives pour les hélicoptère” Le Monde, July 27, 2011.

Haas, Richard, “The U.S. Should Keep Out of Libya” Wall Street Journal, March 8, 2011.

Haas, Richard, “Prepared Statement by Richard N. Haas” United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, First Session, 112th Congress, April 6, 2011.

Haas, Richard, “But Plan to Put Boots on the Ground” Financial Times, August 23, 2011.

Harding, Thomas, “Libya: Navy Running Short of Tomahawk Missiles” Telegraph, March 23, 2011. .Google Scholar

Harding, Thomas, “Libya: SAS Leads Hunt for Gaddafi” Daily Telegraph, August 24, 2011.

Harding, Thomas, “Future RAF Missions under Threat if Libyan Intervention Continues” Telegraph, June 20, 2012. .Google Scholar

Hastings, Michael, “Inside Obama’s War Room” Rolling Stone, October 27, 2011.

Hayek, Friedrich, The Road to Serfdom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1944.Google Scholar

Haynes, Deborah, “Special Forces ‘Played a Key Role’ in Fight with Qaddafi” Times, September 23, 2011.

Heilbrunn, Jacob, “Samantha and Her Subjects” National Interest, (May-June, 2011).

Hill, Evan, “The Day the Katiba Fell” Al Jazeera, March 1, 2011. .

Hoffmann, Stanley, “The Crisis of Liberal Internationalism” Foreign Policy, No. 98 (Spring 1995).

Hopkins, Nick, “Libya Conflict May Cost UK £1.75bn” Guardian, September 25, 2011. .Google Scholar

Ignatius, David, “Acting as Police Chief” Washington Post, March 29, 2011.

Ignatius, David, “Drone Attacks in Libya a Mistake” Washington Post, April 21, 2011. .

Indyk, Martin S., Liberthal, Kenneth G., and O’Hanlon, Michael E., Bending History: Barack Obama’s Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2012.Google Scholar

International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Report on the Responsibility to Protect. December 2001. .

International Institute for Strategic Studies, “NATO Steps Up the Pace in Libya” Strategic Comments, August 24, 2011.

“Intervention in Libya at Odds with UN Resolution – Russia’s Lavrov” RIA Novosti, March 28, 2011. .

Irish, John and Doherty, Regan E., “Libyan Conflict Brings French-Qatari Ties to the Fore” Reuters, April 13, 2011.

Johnson, Adrian and Mueen, Saqeb, eds., Short War, Long Shadow: The Political and Military Legacies of the 2011 Libya Campaign. London: Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), Whitehall Report, 1–12.

Joint and Coalition Operational Analysis, “Libya: Operation Odyssey Dawn (OOD)” September 21, 2011.

Kagan, Robert, “To the Shores of Tripoli” Weekly Standard, vol. 16, no. 47, September 5, 2011.Google Scholar

Kennedy, Alison, “Norway to End Libyan Fighter Contributions” Foreigner, (Oslo), June 12, 2011. .Google Scholar

Kirkpatrick, David D., “Errant Missile Hit Civilian Home in Libya, NATO Says” New York Times, June 19, 2012.

Kirkpatrick, David D., “Gun Battle Disrupts Rebel Base in Libya” New York Times, August 1, 2011.

Kirkpatrick, David D., “Libyan Rebels Trumpet Coordination in Attacks” New York Times, June 17, 2012.

Kirkpatrick, David D., “NATO Says It Mistakenly Hit Rebels Again” New York Times, June 19, 2012.

Kirkpatrick, David D., “Western Libya Earns a Taste of Freedom as Rebels Loosen Qaddafi’s Grip” New York Times, June 26, 2012.

Kirkpatrick, David D., and Chivers, C. J., “Internal Strife Threatens Cause of Libyan Rebels” New York Times, August 13, 2011.

Kirkup, James, “Navy Chief: Britain Cannot Keep Up Its Role in Libya Air War Due to Cuts” Telegraph, June 13, 2011. .Google Scholar

Knaus, Gerhard, and Martin, Felix, “Travails of the European Raj” Journal of Democracy, vol. 14, no. 3, (July 2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krauthammer, Charles, “The Obama Doctrine: Leading from Behind” Washington Post, April 28, 2011.

Lambeth, Benjamin, Air Power Against Terror: America’s Conduct of Operation Enduring Freedom. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2001. .Google Scholar

Lambeth, Benjamin, NATO’s Air War for Kosovo: A Strategic and Operational Assessment. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2001. .Google Scholar

Lander, Mark, “U.S. Condemns Libyan Tumult but Makes No Threats” New York Times, February 23, 2011.

Lander, Mark and Bilefsky, Dan, “Specter of Rebel Rout Helps Shift U.S. Policy on Libya” New York Times, March 17, 2011.

Lasserre, Isabelle, “Le rôle crucial mais discret des forces spéciales” Le Monde, August 26, 2011.

Leiby, Richard and Mansour, Muhammad, “Arab League Asks U.N. for No-Fly Zone over Libya” Washington Post, March 12, 2011. .Google Scholar

Leparmentier, Arnaud and Ricard, Philippe, “Libye: L’Europe écarte pour l’instant l’option militarie” Le Monde, March 13, 2011.

Levinson, Charles and Halawa, Munreef, “Libyan Rebel Leader’s Death Dims Advances” Wall Street Journal, July 29, 2011.

Lewis, William, “Libya: Dream vs. Reality” Mediterranean Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 3, (Summer 2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Li, Gary, “Libyan Rebels’ Weapons Deficit” International Institute for Strategic Studies, Experts Commentary, March 8, 2011. .

“Libya: UK Apache Attack Helicopters Launch First Strikes” Telegraph, June 4, 2011. .

“Libya: UK Apache Helicopters Used in NATO Attacks” BBC News, June 4, 2011. .

“Libya Jails Russia, Ukraine, Belarus ‘Mercenaries’” Agence France Press, June 4, 2012.

“Libya Unrest: Scores Killed in Benghazi ‘Massacre’” BBC News, February 20, 2011. .

“Libya and the War Powers Act” New York Times, June 16, 2011. .

“Libyan Rebels and Their Arab Spring Armament” Al Jazeera, July 18, 2011. .

“Libye: Kadhafi prend le risque d’encourager une guerre civile” Le Monde, February 22, 2011. .

“Libye: Une opposition disparate et déstructurée” Le Monde, February 23, 2011. .

“Live Blog–Libya Feb 22” Al Jazeera, February 22, 2011. .

Lizza, Ryan, “The Consequentialist: How the Arab Spring Remade Obama’s Foreign Policy” New Yorker, May 2, 2011. .Google Scholar

Lobe, Jim, “US Neo-Cons Urge Libya Intervention” Al Jazeera, February 27, 2011.

“L’opposition libyenne demande l’aide de l’Europe” Le Monde, March 10, 2011. .

Loyd, Anthony, “The Secret Beach Rendezvous that Brought French Weapons to the Rebels” Times, September 10, 2011.

Mazzetti, Mark and Schmitt, Eric, “C.I.A. Agents in Libya Aid Airstrikes and Meet Rebels” New York Times, March 30, 2011.

McGreal, Chris, “Libya: Rebel Training Camp” Guardian, April 8, 2011.

Mead, Walter Russell, “W Gets a Third Term in the Middle East” The American Interest Blog, August 22, 2011. .

Menon, Rajan, “Breaking the State” National Interest (May-June 2011).

Morris, Nigel and Usborne, David, “Cameron Frustrated with Obama’s Refusal to Act” Independent, March 13, 2011.

Moseley, LieutenantMichael, T., USAF, “Operation Iraqi Freedom–By the Numbers” Shaw AFB, S.C., Assessment and Analysis Division, Headquarters U.S. Central Command Air Forces, April 30, 2003.

Mostyn, Trevor, “Obituary: Gen Abdel Fatah Younis: Military Leader and Gaddafi’s Trusted Aide until He Defected to Libyan Rebel Forces” Guardian, August 1, 2011.

“Mr. Obama Speaks on Libya” Washington Post, March 29, 2011.

Mueller, Karl, ed., Precision and Purpose: Airpower in the Libyan Civil War. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, forthcoming.

Mulholland, Hélène, “Libya Crisis: EU Agrees Sanctions as UK Warns of ‘Day Of Reckoning’ for Gaddafi” Guardian, February 28, 2011. .Google Scholar

Myers, Steven Lee, “$1 Billion Is Pledged to Support Libya Rebels” New York Times, June 10, 2011.

n+1, “A Solution from Hell: The Perils of Humanitarian Intervention” Slate.com, August 17, 2011. .

Nordland, Rod, “Arms Said to Reach Libyan Rebels” International Herald Tribune, April 18, 2011.

Nordland, Rod, “At Qaddafi Loyalists’ Last Redoubts, a Struggle of Advances and Retreats” New York Times, September 18, 2011.

Norton-Taylor, Richard and Rushe, Dominik, “Front: Libya: Rebels and NATO Planned Tripoli Assault Weeks Ago” Guardian, August 25, 2011.

NATO, “Statement on Libya Following the Working Lunch of NATO Ministers of Foreign Affairs with Non–NATO Contributors to Operation Unified Protector” Brussels, April 14, 2011. .

“NATO: UAE F-16 Crashes at Italian Airbase” Associated Press, April 27, 2011. .

NATO Newsroom, “We Answered the Call – the End of Operation Unified Protector” Brussels, October 31, 2011. .

NATO Press Office, “NATO Defence Ministers Will Discuss Situation in Libya and Longer Term Prospects in Middle East” Brussels, March 7, 2011. .

NATO Press Office, “NATO Ready to Support International Efforts on Libya” Brussels, March 11, 2011. .

NATO Press Office, “Press Briefing on Libya” Brussels, April 19, 2011. .

NATO Press Office, “Operation Unified Protector Final Mission Stats” Brussels, November 2, 2011. .

“NATO Says Lost U.S. Unmanned Helicopter in Libya” Reuters, June 21, 2011. .

Nougayrède, Natalie, “M. Sarkozy cherche à corriger l’image de la France en saluant la vague démocratique arabe” Le Monde, March 1, 2011.

Nougayrède, Natalie, “Recit: Comment la France a-t-elle décidé d’intervenir en Libye?” Le Monde, April 19, 2011.

Nougayrède, Natalie, “La guerre de Libya met à l’épreuve le lien transatlantique” Le Monde, May 24, 2011.

Nougayrède, Natalie, “Des forces spéciales françaises, britanniques et arabes auprès de la rebellion” Le Monde, August 24, 2011.

Obama, Barack, Cameron, David, and Sarkozy, Nicolas, “Libya’s Pathway to Peace” International Herald Tribune, April 15, 2011. .Google Scholar

“Obama Orders $25 Million in Aid to Libyan Rebels” AFP, April, 26, 2011.

O’Hanlon, Michael, “Libya and the Obama Doctrine” foreignaffairs.com, August 31, 2011.

“On ne s’improvise pas diplomate” Le Monde, February 23, 2011.

Osborn, Andrew, “Libya: Col Gaddafi has ‘suicide plan’ to blow up Tripoli” Telegraph, July 14, 2011. .Google Scholar

Ourdan, Rémy, “A Ras Lanouf, les rebelles en déroute” Le Monde, March 12, 2011.

Ourdan, Rémy “Les raids aériens, terreur des ‘chabab’ insurgés” Le Monde, March 13, 2011.

Pack, Jason, ed., The 2011 Libyan Uprisings and the Struggle for the Post-Qaddafi Future. New York: Palgrave, 2013.

Pape, Robert A., “When Duty Calls: A Pragmatic Standard of Humanitarian Intervention” International Security, vol. 37, no. 1 (Summer 2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pargeter, Alison, Libya: The Rise and Fall of Qaddafi. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.Google Scholar

Parliament of the United Kingdom, Defence Committee – Ninth Report: Operations in Libya. January 25, 2012, chapter 4. .

Pollack, Kenneth M., “Libya Escalation Inevitable” nationalinterest.org, May 6, 2011. .

Posner, Eric A., “Outside the Law” , October 25, 2011. .

Rayment, Sean, “How the Special Forces Helped Bring Qaddafi to His Knees” Telegraph, August 28, 2011. .Google Scholar

Reisner, Hiram, “Brzezinski: Libya Action Isn’t War, but Necessary Intervention” Newsmax, March 24, 2011.

“Révoltes arabes: répression brutale en Libye, à Bahreïn et au Yémen” Le Monde, February 20, 2011.

Rice, Susan E., “The Genocide in Darfur: America Must Do More to Fulfill the Responsibility to Protect” Opportunity08, Brookings Institution, 2007. .Google Scholar

“Rice to Take Lessons from Rwanda Genocide” All Things Considered, NPR, February 23, 2009.

Ripley, Tim, “Power Brokers, Qatar and the U.A.E. Take Center Stage” Jane’s Intelligence Review, December 21, 2011.

Risen, Clay, “Obama’s Non-Doctrine Doctrine” New York Times Blogs, August 26, 2011.

Romney, Mitt, “Mission Muddle in Libya” The National Review Online, April 21, 2011.

Rowland, Jacky, “French Contact with Libyans over Gaddafi” Al Jazeera, July 12, 2011. .

Royal United Services Institute, Accidental Heroes: Britain, France and the Libya Operation. London, September 2011. .Google Scholar

Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Transcript of Replies by Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov to Media Questions at Press Conference Following Russia–NATO Council Meeting” Berlin, April 15, 2011. .

Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov Interview” Vesti 24, Moscow, July 7, 2011. .Google Scholar

Sanger, David E. and Shanker, Thom, “Gates Warns of Risks of a No-Flight Zone” New York Times, March 3, 2011.

Sanger, David E. and Shanker, Thom, Confront and Conceal. New York: Crown Publishers, 2012, p. 340.Google Scholar

Sarkozy, Nicolas, Speech at the 19th Ambassadors’ Conference, Paris, August 31, 2011. .

Saunders, Doug, “Rebels Rely on Teens to Fill Ranks” Globe and Mail, July 11, 2011.

“Saving Lives in Libya” Washington Post, April 28, 2011.

Schmitt, Eric, “NATO Air War in Libya Faces Daunting Task” New York Times, May 25, 2011.

Schmitt, Eric, “NATO Commander Says Resilience of the Qaddafi Loyalists Is Surprising” New York Times, October 11, 2011.

Shadid, Anthony, “Clashes in Libya Worsen as Army Crushes Dissent” New York Times, February 18, 2011.

Shadid, Anthony and Fahim, Kareem, “Rebels in Libya Strain to Forge a Unified Front” New York Times, March 9, 2011.

Shadid, Anthony and Kirkpatrick, David D., “Libyan Rebels Defiant but in Disarray, as Qaddafi’s Forces Gain Momentum” New York Times, March 11, 2011.

Shanker, Thom and Burns, John F., “Nations Bombing Libya Ask for Help Amid Strain” New York Times, June 9, 2011.

Shipman, Tim, “Cameron Backs Sarkozy Calls for Libya Air Strikes” Daily Mail, March 11, 2011.

Slaughter, Anne-Marie, “Fiddling While Libya Burns” New York Times, March 13, 2011.

Slaughter, Anne-Marie, “Why the Libya Sceptics Were Proven Wrong” Financial Times, August 25, 2011.

So, Jimmy, “Kerry: A Libyan No-Fly Zone Is Not Intervention” CBS News, March 6, 2011. .

Speaker, John A. Boehner Letter to the President Obama on Military Action in Libya, March 23, 2011. .

Squires, Nick, “Libya: Italy Demands Investigation into Whether NATO Warship Ignored Refugees” Telegraph, August 5, 2011. .Google Scholar

Starkey, Jerome, “It’s a Mad Max Conflict” Times, May 14, 2001.

Steltzenmüller, Constanze, “Gates Was Far Too Nice about NATO’s Failings” Financial Times, June 16, 2011.

Stewart, Rory and Knaus, Gerald, Can Intervention Work?New York: Norton, 2011.Google Scholar

Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, “Still Crusading, but Now on the Inside” New York Times, March 30, 2011.

Strauss, Delphine, “Turkey Attacks France on Libya ‘Crusade’” Financial Times, March 24, 2011. .Google Scholar

“Sur fond de critiques, Nicolas Sarkozy demande des sanctions contre la Libye” Le Monde, February 23, 2011. .

Sweetman, Bill, “Reluctant Warriors” Aviation Week & Space Technology, January 2, 2012.

Taft, Robert, A Foreign Policy for Americans. New York: Doubleday, 1951.Google Scholar

Talmon, Stefan, “Recognition of the Libyan National Transitional Council” American Society of International Law: Insights, vol. 15, no. 16 (June 16, 2011).Google Scholar

Tapper, Jake, “Where Is Mitt Romney on Libya?” ABC News, October 20, 2011. .

Taspinar, Omer, “The American Public and the Islamic World” Today’s Zaman Online, September 16, 2012.

“Time Is on Gadhafi’s Side” Der Spiegel, March 3, 2011. .

Tomasky, Michael, “Obama’s True Claim to Fame” Daily Beast, August 23, 2011.

Traynor, Ian, “Turkey and France Clash over Libya Air Campaign” Guardian, March 24, 2011. .Google Scholar

UN Human Rights Council, Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Libya. A/HRC/19/68, March 2, 2012.

U.S. Defense Department, “U.S. Casualty Status” as of February 28, 2012.

U.S. Defense Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Public Affairs, “DOD News Briefing with Vice Adm. Gortney from the Pentagon on Libya Operation Odyssey Dawn” Washington, DC, March 19, 2011. .

U.S. Defense Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Public Affairs, “DoD News Briefing with Adm. Locklear via Teleconference from USS Mount Whitney” Washington, DC, March 22, 2011.

U.S. Defense Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Public Affairs, “DOD News Briefing with Rear Adm. Hueber via Telephone from USS Mount Whitney” Washington, DC, March 23, 2011.

U.S. Defense Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Public Affairs, “DOD News Briefing with Vice Adm. Gortney from the Pentagon on Libya Operation Odyssey Dawn” Washington, DC, March 28, 2011. .

U.S. Defense Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Public Affairs, “The Security and Defense Agenda (Future of NATO), As Delivered by Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates, Brussels, Belgium, Friday, June 10, 2011.” .

U.S. Defense Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Public Affairs, “DOD News Briefing with Secretary Gates and Adm. Mullen from the Pentagon” Washington, DC, March 1, 2011. .

U.S. Defense Department, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Public Affairs, “Media Availability with Secretary Gates at the NATO Defense Ministers Meeting from Brussels, Belgium” Washington, DC, March 10, 2011. .

U.S. Department of State, Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, “Teleconference Background Briefing on North Atlantic Council (NAC) Discussions on Libya” Washington, DC, March 24, 2011. .

“U.S. Fighter Jet Crashes in Rebel-Held Libya” Reuters, March 22, 2011. .

“U.S.: Hundreds of Civilian Deaths in Iraq Were Preventable” Press Release for the report, Off Target: The Conduct of War and Civilian Casualties in Iraq. Human Rights Watch, Washington, DC, December 12, 2003. .

U.S. Mission to NATO, “Remarks to the Press on Libya and Operation Unified Protector, Ambassador Ivo Daalder” September 8, 2011. .

U.S. Mission to the United Nations, “Remarks by Ambassador Susan E. Rice, U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations, at the Security Council Stakeout on Libya” New York, NY, March 16, 2011. .

U.S. Senator John McCain, Press Office, “Statement by Senators McCain and Lieberman Regarding the Situation in Libya” Washington, DC, March 4, 2011. .

U.S. Senator John McCain, Press Office, “Statement by Senators McCain and Graham on End of the Qaddafi Regime in Libya” August 21, 2011. .

“US Sends ‘Time to Go’ Message to Gaddafi” Al Jazeera, July 19, 2011. .

UN Human Rights Council, Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Libya. A/HRC/19/68, March 2, 2012.

United Nations Security Council, Press Statement on Libya, SC/10180, February 22, 2011. .

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 (2011), February 26, 2011. .

Valentino, Benjamin A., “The True Costs of Humanitarian Intervention” Foreign Affairs, vol. 90, no. 6 (November-December 2011).Google Scholar

Vandevalle, Diederik, History of Modern Libya. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Van Genugten, Saskia, “Libya after Gadhafi” Survival, vol. 53, no. 3, (June-July 2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Walker, Portia, “Qatari Military Advisers on the Ground, Helping Libyan Rebels Get into Shape” Washington Post, May 12, 2011.

Watt, Nicholas and Wintour, Patrick, “Libya No-Fly Zone Call by France Fails to Get David Cameron’s Backing” Guardian, February 23, 2011.

Watts, Stephen, Baxter, Caroline, Dunigan, Molly, and Rizzi, Christopher, The Uses and Limits of Small-Scale Military Interventions. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2012.Google Scholar

Weaver, Matthew, “Muammar Gaddafi Condemns Tunisia Uprising” Guardian, January 16, 2011.

Weisberg, Jacob, “What Is Obama’s Foreign Policy?” Slate, May 24, 2011.

Western, Jon, and Goldstein, Joshua S., “Humanitarian Intervention Comes of Age” Foreign Affairs, vol. 90, no. 6 (November–December 2011).Google Scholar

White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President on a New Beginning” Cairo University, Cairo, June 4, 2009. .

White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Press Conference by the President” L’Aquila, Italy, July 10, 2009.

White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President on Libya” February 23, 2011. .

White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Readout of President Obama’s Calls with President Sarkozy of France,Prime Minister Cameron of the United Kingdom and Prime Minister Berlusconi of Italy” February 24, 2011.

White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Readout of President Obama’s meeting with His National Security Team on Libya” Washington, DC, March 15, 2011. .

White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President on the Situation in Libya” Washington, DC, March 18, 2011. .

White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation on Libya” March 28, 2011. .

Will, George F., “Obama’s Illegal War” Washington Post, May 29, 2011.

Wolfowitz, Paul, “America’s Opportunity in Libya” Wall Street Journal, November 3, 2011.

“World Cannot Stand Aside from Libya, says Cameron” BBC News, March 8, 2011. .

Worth, Robert F., “On Libya’s Revolutionary Road” New York Times Magazine, March 30, 2011.

Zakaria, Fareed, “A Doctrine We Don’t Need” Washington Post, July 7, 2011.

Zakaria, Fareed, “A New Era in U.S. Foreign Policy” , August 23, 2011.