Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- 167 Mycoplasma
- 168 Chlamydia pneumoniae
- 169 Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis)
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- Index
- References
168 - Chlamydia pneumoniae
from Part XX - Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 April 2015
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Contributors
- Preface
- Part I Clinical syndromes: general
- Part II Clinical syndromes: head and neck
- Part III Clinical syndromes: eye
- Part IV Clinical syndromes: skin and lymph nodes
- Part V Clinical syndromes: respiratory tract
- Part VI Clinical syndromes: heart and blood vessels
- Part VII Clinical syndromes: gastrointestinal tract, liver, and abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical syndromes: genitourinary tract
- Part IX Clinical syndromes: musculoskeletal system
- Part X Clinical syndromes: neurologic system
- Part XI The susceptible host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial infection
- Part XIV Infections related to surgery and trauma
- Part XV Prevention of infection
- Part XVI Travel and recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific organisms: bacteria
- Part XIX Specific organisms: spirochetes
- Part XX Specific organisms: Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- 167 Mycoplasma
- 168 Chlamydia pneumoniae
- 169 Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis)
- Part XXI Specific organisms: Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific organisms: fungi
- Part XXIII Specific organisms: viruses
- Part XXIV Specific organisms: parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial therapy: general considerations
- Index
- References
Summary
The first isolates of Chlamydiapneumoniae were obtained serendipitously during trachoma studies in the 1960s. After the recovery of a similar isolate from the respiratory tract of a college student with pneumonia in Seattle, Grayston and colleagues applied the designation TWAR after their first two isolates, TW-183 and AR-39. C. pneumoniae appears to be a common human respiratory pathogen. The mode of transmission remains uncertain but probably involves infected respiratory tract secretions. Spread of C. pneumoniae within families and enclosed populations, such as military recruits, prisons, and nursing homes, has been reported. The proportion of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adults associated with C. pneumoniae infection has ranged from 0% to >44%, varying with geographic location, the age group examined, and the diagnostic methods used. Early studies that relied on serology suggested that infection in children younger than 5 years was rare; however, subsequent studies using culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have found the prevalence of infection in children beyond early infancy to be similar to that found in adults.
Studies that have used culture have found a poor correlation with serology, especially in children. Although 7% to 13% of children 6 months to 16 years of age enrolled in two multicenter pneumonia treatment studies were culture positive and 7% to 18% met the serologic criteria for acute infection with the microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test, they were not the same patients. Only 1% to 3% of the culture-positive children met the serologic criteria, and approximately 70% were seronegative. By age 20, approximately 50% of persons will have detectable anti-C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG). Seroprevalence may exceed 80% in some populations.
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- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1086 - 1088Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015