Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- About the Contributors
- Preface
- 1 The State and NGOs: Issues and Analytical Framework
- 2 Bangladesh: A Large NGO Sector Supported by Foreign Donors
- 3 India – NGOs: Intermediary Agents or Institutional Reformers?
- 4 Sri Lanka: Community Consultants in an Underdeveloped Welfare State
- 5 Pakistan: Regulations and Potentiality in a Fragmented Society
- 6 The Philippines: From Agents to Political Actors
- 7 Thailand: A Crossing of Critical Parallel Relationships
- 8 Vietnam: Control of NGOs by NGOs
- 9 Indonesia: Flexible NGOs vs Inconsistent State Control
- 10 Malaysia: Dual Structure in the State–NGO Relationship
- 11 Singapore: Subtle NGO Control by a Developmentalist Welfare State
- 12 China: Social Restructuring and the Emergence of NGOs
- 13 Hong Kong: Uneasiness among Administrative Agents
- 14 Taiwan: From Subjects of Oppression to the Instruments of “Taiwanization”
- 15 South Korea: Advocacy for Democratization
- 16 Japan: From Activist Groups to Management Organizations
- Index
14 - Taiwan: From Subjects of Oppression to the Instruments of “Taiwanization”
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 October 2015
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- About the Contributors
- Preface
- 1 The State and NGOs: Issues and Analytical Framework
- 2 Bangladesh: A Large NGO Sector Supported by Foreign Donors
- 3 India – NGOs: Intermediary Agents or Institutional Reformers?
- 4 Sri Lanka: Community Consultants in an Underdeveloped Welfare State
- 5 Pakistan: Regulations and Potentiality in a Fragmented Society
- 6 The Philippines: From Agents to Political Actors
- 7 Thailand: A Crossing of Critical Parallel Relationships
- 8 Vietnam: Control of NGOs by NGOs
- 9 Indonesia: Flexible NGOs vs Inconsistent State Control
- 10 Malaysia: Dual Structure in the State–NGO Relationship
- 11 Singapore: Subtle NGO Control by a Developmentalist Welfare State
- 12 China: Social Restructuring and the Emergence of NGOs
- 13 Hong Kong: Uneasiness among Administrative Agents
- 14 Taiwan: From Subjects of Oppression to the Instruments of “Taiwanization”
- 15 South Korea: Advocacy for Democratization
- 16 Japan: From Activist Groups to Management Organizations
- Index
Summary
INTRODUCTION
In Taiwan the activities of private social organizations were severely restricted until the mid-1980s. Since the government had neither the intention nor the administrative capacity to adequately improve social security and provide public services, there was a strong latent demand for social services by private social organizations. However, their activities were far from vigorous, given the clear suppression by the government. With democratization in the mid-1980s as a turning point, however, the political environment surrounding private social organizations in Taiwan changed significantly. Their activities became more vigorous, and a number of new developments were observed.
This chapter describes the strict restrictions placed on private social organizations before democratization in Taiwan, in order to shed light on why the government imposed such thorough curbs on these organizations and how the strict restrictions were made possible. This chapter also discusses the role played by private social organizations in the process of democratization from the mid-1980s, and at the same time examines what types of private social organizations emerged around the time of democratization, and what sort of relationships they formed with the government.
POLITICAL, HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDS AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
In tracing the history of developments concerning non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private social organizations in Taiwan, it is necessary to focus attention on the unorganized social movements that preceded those developments. Further, it is essential to grasp the political background to this situation and later changes.
Total Control by the Transplanted Autocratic Regime (until the End of the 1970s)
Taiwan was under Japanese colonial rule from 1895 through 1945. In the aftermath of the civil war on Mainland China, Taiwan came under the control of the “transplanted” government, meaning the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT), which came to Taiwan as one of the parties of the divided nation of China, having practically no foundation in Taiwan.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The State and NGOsPerspective from Asia, pp. 263 - 287Publisher: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak InstitutePrint publication year: 2002