Hostname: page-component-76d6cb85b7-8p85h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-07-11T10:43:34.839Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

FRAGMENTS OF FAITH: UNPICKING ARCHBISHOP JOHN MORTON’S VESTMENTS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2020

Mary M Brooks ,
Sonia O’Connor ,
Christopher Caple ,
C Pamela Graves  and
Anita Quye
Mary M Brooks
Affiliation:
Mary M Brooks, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. Email: mary.brooks@durham.ac.uk
Sonia O’Connor
Affiliation:
Sonia O’Connor, Department of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK. Email: s.oconnor@bradford.ac.uk
Christopher Caple
Affiliation:
Anita Quye, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. Email: christopher.caple@durham.ac.uk
C Pamela Graves
Affiliation:
C Pamela Graves, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. Email: c.p.graves@durham.ac.uk
Anita Quye
Affiliation:
Christopher Caple, Centre for Textile Conservation and Technical Art History, History of Art, School of Culture and Creative Arts, University of Glasgow, 8 University Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8QH, UK. Email: anita.quye@glasgow.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper uses evidence from a previously unresearched ecclesiastical textile associated with Archbishop John Morton (c 1420−1500) to generate new insights into the material culture of the Roman Catholic faith before, during and after the penal period in England (c 1558−1829). This composite textile was initially thought to be made up of fragments of a late 1400s cope bearing Morton’s rebus, reconfigured as an altar frontal, which had survived in the house of an important Roman Catholic family. The embroidered motifs include a unique Lily Crucifix. The textile’s complex biography is ‘unpicked’ using physical and textual evidence to understand its changing forms, roles and significance. Analysis of the material and construction, combined with evidence gained through X-radiography, showed the frontal to be composed of parts of a cope and at least one other vestment, with a now missing image of the Annunciation. Mapping the stages of fragmentation, removal and re-modelling demonstrates the transformation of significant mainstream vestments into other forms. The paper illuminates aspects of Morton’s faith and provides new insights into the practices of recusant Roman Catholics.

Keywords

faith practicesrecusant historyOpus Anglicanumvestmentsdye analysisAuckland Projectobject biography

Information

Type
Research paper
Information
The Antiquaries Journal , Volume 100 , September 2020 , pp. 274 - 303
Copyright
© The Society of Antiquaries of London, 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

Footnotes

with contributions from

References

Bibliography

Bodl, ms 131, online at <https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_1193> (accessed25 May 2020)+(accessed25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, Inc.1.B.3.1b[3730]Google Scholar
Dorset History Centre, D-MPL/42Google Scholar
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, FIT277194, chasubleGoogle Scholar
LPL, ms 20, fol 218v, Kalendar of ObitsGoogle Scholar
TNA, PROB11/12/178, Morton’s will 16 July 1500Google Scholar
Trinity College Library, Cambridge, vi. 18.21, sig. A2rGoogle Scholar
V&A, 697-1902, funerary chasubleGoogle Scholar
V&A, 817-1901, altar frontal re-made in the 1600s from orphreys, 1400–1500Google Scholar
V&A, 935-1901, Italian red brocade chasuble with English orphreys, 1375−99Google Scholar
Airaksinen, K 2009. ‘The Morton Missal: the finest incunable made in England’, Trans Cambridge Bibliogr Soc, 14 (2), 147–72Google Scholar
Anon, 1877. ‘Medieval embroidery in East Langdon Church’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 11, 10–23Google Scholar
Anstey, H (ed) 1898. ‘ Epistolae academicae Oxon. (Registrum F); a collection of letters and other miscellaneous documents illustrative of academical life and studies at Oxford in the fifteenth century’, Oxford Hist Soc, 2 (321), 493–5Google Scholar
Astle, T 1779. ‘Ceremonial of the funeral of K. Edward IV. From a MS. of the late Mr. Anstis, now in the Possession of Thomas Astle, Esq.’, Archaeologia, 1 (2), 350–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aston, M 2016. Broken Idols of the English Reformation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentham, J 1771. The History and Antiquities of the Conventual Cathedral Church of Ely, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Google Scholar
Bindoff, S T (ed) 1982. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1509–1558, Vol 1, Secker & Warburg, London Google Scholar
[Boden, Z] 2016. ‘The Steeple Ashton cope’, in Browne, C, Davies, C and Michael, M A (eds), English Medieval Embroidery: Opus Anglicanum, 190–4, Yale University Press/Victoria & Albert Museum, London Google Scholar
Bradley, S 2019. John Morton: adversary of Richard III, power behind the Tudors, Amberley Publishing, Stroud Google Scholar
Brandon-Salmon, A n.d. ‘The history of the English Reformation in one vestment’, Campion Hall, Jesuits in Oxford, online at <http://www.campion.ox.ac.uk/?q=content/history-english-reformation-one-vestment> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Brooke, G C 1931–3. ‘The mints of Canterbury and York in the reigns of Edward IV and Henry VII’, Brit Numis J, 3rd ser, 1, 73–87Google Scholar
Buck, G 1647. The History of the Life and Reigne of Richard the Third, Wilson, London Google Scholar
Budden, J 1879. ‘A biographical sketch of Cardinal Morton. From a manuscript (circa. 1610) in the possession of the President’, Proc Dorset Nat Hist Antiq Fld Club, 3, 49–73Google Scholar
Caley, J, Ellis, H and Bandinel, B (eds) 1846. Monasticon Anglicanum … by Sir William Dugdale, 6 vols, Bohn, London Google Scholar
Camden, W, Philipot, J and Gent, W D 1674. Remains Concerning Britain, Charles Harper and John Amery, London Google Scholar
Caple, C [2017]. ‘Morton cope sequin: technical analysis’, unpublished report, Archaeological Artefacts Forensic Analysis Service, Durham UniversityGoogle Scholar
Caple, C [2018]. ‘Morton cope metal threads: technical analysis’, unpublished report, Archaeological Artefacts Forensic Analysis Service, Durham UniversityGoogle Scholar
Carter, M 2010. ‘Remembrance, liturgy and status in a late medieval English Cistercian abbey: the mourning vestment of Abbot Robert Thornton of Jervaulx (1510–33)’, Textile Hist, 41 (2), 145–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cervone, C M 2013. Poetics of the Incarnation: middle English writing and the leap of love, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, F 1909. ‘A fourteenth century life of Christ’, English Rev, 1 (2), 370 Google Scholar
Chapman, J and Gaydarska, B 2007. Parts and Wholes: fragmentation in prehistoric context, Oxbow Books, Oxford Google Scholar
Davies, C S L 2004. ‘Foxe, Richard (1447/8–1528)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online edn, <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/10051> (accessed 25 May 2020)CrossRef+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Davies, G 2016. ‘For whom the embroiderer toils: the role of the commissioners in the design of some fourteenth-century Opus Anglicanum embroideries’, in Michael, M A (ed), The Age of Opus Anglicanum, 74–89, Harvey Miller, London Google Scholar
Doe, P 1976. Tallis, Oxford University Press, London Google Scholar
Duch, A M 2016. ‘The royal funerary and burial ceremonies of medieval English kings,1216–1509’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of YorkGoogle Scholar
Duffy, E 1992. The Stripping of the Altars: traditional religion in England, 1400–1580, Yale University Press, New Haven and London Google Scholar
Duggan, E J M 1991. ‘Notes concerning the “Lily Crucifixion” in the Llanbeblig Hours ’, J Nat Libr Wales, 27, 39–48Google Scholar
Fincham, K (ed) 1994. Visitation Articles and Injunctions of the Early Stuart Church, Boydell Press/Church of England Record Society, Woodbridge Google Scholar
Graffius, J 2008. ‘The Lucca chasuble’, in Whitehead, M (ed), Held in Trust: 2008 years of sacred culture, St Omers Press, Stonyhurst Google Scholar
Haddan, W A (trans) 1994. Augustine: on the Trinity, Hendrickson, Peabody, Mass, online edn, <http://www.logoslibrary.org/augustine/trinity/0405.html> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Hale, W 2012. ‘Who oweth thys boke?’, Incunabula Project blog, Cambridge University Library, online at <https://inc-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?cat=53> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Hall, J 2014. ‘New exhibit shows power and glory at Auckland Castle’, Journal, 7 Jul 2014, online edn, <http://www.thejournal.co.uk/culture/arts-culture-news/auckland-castle-new-exhibit-shows-7382151> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Harper-Bill, C 1977. ‘An edition of the Register of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury with a critical introduction’, PhD thesis, King’s College London, online at <https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/2933131/DX192621.pdf> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Harper-Bill, C 1978. ‘Archbishop John Morton and the province of Canterbury, 1486–1500’, J Ecclesias Hist, 2 (1), 1–21Google Scholar
Harper-Bill, C 2004. ‘Morton, John (d. 1500)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online edn, <https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-19363> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Hayward, J (ed) 1929. Donne: complete verse and selected prose, Nonsuch Press, London Google Scholar
Hayward, M 2007. ‘Crimson, scarlet, murrey and carnation: red at the court of Henry VIII’, Textile Hist, 38 (2), 134–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heard, K 2011. ‘“Such stuff as dreams are made on”: textiles and the medieval chantry’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 164 (1), 157–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hefling, C and Shattuck, C L (eds) 2006. The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: a worldwide survey, Oxford University Press, New York Google Scholar
Hildburgh, W L 1923/4. ‘An alabaster table of the Annunciation with the Crucifix: a study in English iconography’, Archaeologia, 74, 203–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, J [1508]. Lac Puerorum or Mylke for Chyldren, Wynkyn de Worde, London Google Scholar
Holt, T G 1984. ‘An eighteenth-century chaplain: John Champion at Sawston Hall’, Brit Cath Hist, 17 (2), 181–7Google Scholar
Hook, W F 1867. ‘John Morton’, in Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, Vol 5, 387–499, Bentley, LondonGoogle Scholar
Jackson, C 2003. ‘Glowing embers: Catholic life in Cambridgeshire in the century before emancipation’, in Rogers 2003, 46–65Google Scholar
Jackson, C 2016. ‘“Powdered with armes ymages and angels”: an early Tudor contract for embroidered vestments’, Antiq J, 96, 143–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, G W 1986. ‘The Annunciation and the Lily Crucifixion’, Trans Woolhope Naturalists’ Fld Club, 45 (2), 434–9, <https://www.woolhopeclub.org.uk/system/files/documents/transaction/woolhope-club-transactions-volume-xlv-1986-part-ii.pdf> (accessed 25 May 2020)Google Scholar
Kendrick, A F 1905. Exhibition of English Embroideries Executed Prior to the Middle of XVI Century, Burlington Fine Arts Club, London Google Scholar
Keyser, C E 1899. ‘Panel paintings of saints on the Devonshire screens’, Archaeologia, 56, 2nd ser, (6), 183–222CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingsford, C L (ed) 1905. Chronicles of London, Clarendon Press, Oxford Google Scholar
Kopytoff, I 1986. ‘The cultural biography of things: commoditization as process’, in Appadurai, A (ed), The Social Life of Things: commodities in cultural perspective, 64–91, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumby, J R 1885. Bacon’s History of the Reign of King Henry VII, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Google Scholar
MacCulloch, D 2016. ‘Modern historians on the English Reformation’, in All Things Made New: writings on the Reformation, 239–55, Allen Lane, LondonGoogle Scholar
Malden, H E (ed) 1912. ‘Croydon: introduction and Croydon Palace’, in A History of the County of Surrey, Vol 4, 205–17, Victoria County History, London, British History Online <http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol4> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Mallams 2014. ‘Oriental Carpets and Rugs: Eastern Works of Art & Furniture, Lot 464, 22 January 2014’, <http://www.catalogue-host.co.uk/mallams/oxford/2014-0122/lot_464?prev_page=browse%20results%2c%20page%2010%20of%2012&prev_url=%2fmallams%2foxford%2f2014-01-22%2f%20page_10> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Meyer, B, Morgan, D, Paine, C and Plate, S B 2010. ‘The origin and mission of material religion’, Religion 40 (3), 209–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
More, T 1636 [1551]. The Commonwealth of Utopia, Alsop and Fawcet, London Google Scholar
[Mozley, T] 1878. Henry VII, Prince Arthur and Cardinal Morton, Clay, Sons and Taylor, London Google Scholar
Mullini, R 1997. ‘Fulgens and Lucres: a mirror held up to stage and society’, Euro Medieval Drama 1, 203–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muskett, J J 1895–6. ‘Cambridgeshire church goods: no. II’, East Angl N and Q, new ser, 6, 199–203, <https://archive.org/details/eastanglianorno05whitgoog/page/n208> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Nichols, F M 1901. Epistles of Erasmus, I, Longmans, Green, London Google Scholar
Parker, M 1910 [1566]. ‘Advertisements partly for due order in the public administration of Common Prayers and using the holy Sacraments, and partly for the apparel of persons ecclesiastical …’, in Frere, W H and Kennedy, W P, Visitation Articles and Injunctions 1559–1575, 171–80, Longmans Green, London Google Scholar
Peacock, E 1866. English Church Furniture, Ornaments and Decorations at the Period of the Reformation, as Exhibited in a List of the Goods Destroyed in Certain Lincolnshire Churches, A.D. 1566, John Camden Hotten, London Google Scholar
Prown, J D 1996. ‘Material/culture: can the farmer and the cowman still be friends?’, in Kingery, D W (ed), Learning from Things: method and theory of material culture studies, 19–27, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London Google Scholar
Quye, A, Wertz, J and Degano, I 2019. ‘Morton cope dye analysis’, unpublished report, Glasgow UniversityGoogle Scholar
Raub, J 2011. ‘Sarum liturgical printing in Tudor London’, unpublished PhD thesis, Royal Holloway College, online at <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78863835.pdf> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Robertson, S 1880. ‘The crypt of Canterbury Cathedral, part II’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 13, 500–51Google Scholar
Robertson, S 1893. ‘Burial-places of the Archbishops of Canterbury’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 20, 276–94Google Scholar
Rogers, N (ed) 2003. Catholics in Cambridge, Gracewing, Leominster Google Scholar
Rollins, H E 1920. Old English ballads, 1553–1625, Cambridge University Press, London Google Scholar
Roper, W 1905. The Life of Sir Thomas More, Burns & Oates, London Google Scholar
Tarlow, S 2003. ‘Reformation and transformation: what happened to Catholic things in a Protestant world?’, in Gaimster, D and Gilchrist, R (eds), The Archaeology of Reformation 1480–1580, 108–21, Maney, LeedsGoogle Scholar
Vallance, A 1929. ‘Cranbrook Church inventory 1508’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 41, 57–68Google Scholar
Walsham, A 2017. ‘Recycling the sacred: material culture and cultural memory after the English Reformation’, Church Hist, 86 (4), 1,121–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, M 2016. The Livery Collar in Late Medieval England and Wales: politics, identity and affinity, Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiting, R 2010. The Reformation of the English Parish Church, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickham Legg, J and Hope, W H St-J (eds) 1902. Inventories of Christchurch, Canterbury, Archibald Constable, Westminster and London Google Scholar
Williams, R 2019. ‘Archbishop of Canterbury portraits’, Dr Rowan Williams 104th Archbishop of Canterbury, online at <http://aoc2013.brix.fatbeehive.com/gallery.php/56/archbishop-of-canterbury-portraits> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Willughby, R 2012 [1877]. ‘Empcions and provisions of stuff made by Robert Willughby, knight, agenist the coronacion of our soueraine lorde king Henrey the VIIth, as herafter it apperethe’, in W Campbell (ed) 1877, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores,Vol 2, reprinted 2012 as Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII from Original Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office, 3–29, Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Woodforde, C 1932. ‘Two unusual subjects in ancient glass in Long Melford Church’, Proc Suffolk Inst Archaeol Nat Hist, 21 (1), 63–6Google Scholar
Woodhouse, R I 1895. The Life of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury, Longmans, Green, London and New York Google Scholar
Woodruff, C E 1926. ‘The Chapel of Our Lady in the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 38, 153–71Google Scholar
Bodl, ms 131, online at <https://medieval.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/catalog/manuscript_1193> (accessed25 May 2020)+(accessed25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Cambridge University Library, Cambridge, Inc.1.B.3.1b[3730]Google Scholar
Dorset History Centre, D-MPL/42Google Scholar
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, FIT277194, chasubleGoogle Scholar
LPL, ms 20, fol 218v, Kalendar of ObitsGoogle Scholar
TNA, PROB11/12/178, Morton’s will 16 July 1500Google Scholar
Trinity College Library, Cambridge, vi. 18.21, sig. A2rGoogle Scholar
V&A, 697-1902, funerary chasubleGoogle Scholar
V&A, 817-1901, altar frontal re-made in the 1600s from orphreys, 1400–1500Google Scholar
V&A, 935-1901, Italian red brocade chasuble with English orphreys, 1375−99Google Scholar
Airaksinen, K 2009. ‘The Morton Missal: the finest incunable made in England’, Trans Cambridge Bibliogr Soc, 14 (2), 147–72Google Scholar
Anon, 1877. ‘Medieval embroidery in East Langdon Church’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 11, 10–23Google Scholar
Anstey, H (ed) 1898. ‘ Epistolae academicae Oxon. (Registrum F); a collection of letters and other miscellaneous documents illustrative of academical life and studies at Oxford in the fifteenth century’, Oxford Hist Soc, 2 (321), 493–5Google Scholar
Astle, T 1779. ‘Ceremonial of the funeral of K. Edward IV. From a MS. of the late Mr. Anstis, now in the Possession of Thomas Astle, Esq.’, Archaeologia, 1 (2), 350–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aston, M 2016. Broken Idols of the English Reformation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentham, J 1771. The History and Antiquities of the Conventual Cathedral Church of Ely, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Google Scholar
Bindoff, S T (ed) 1982. The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1509–1558, Vol 1, Secker & Warburg, London Google Scholar
[Boden, Z] 2016. ‘The Steeple Ashton cope’, in Browne, C, Davies, C and Michael, M A (eds), English Medieval Embroidery: Opus Anglicanum, 190–4, Yale University Press/Victoria & Albert Museum, London Google Scholar
Bradley, S 2019. John Morton: adversary of Richard III, power behind the Tudors, Amberley Publishing, Stroud Google Scholar
Brandon-Salmon, A n.d. ‘The history of the English Reformation in one vestment’, Campion Hall, Jesuits in Oxford, online at <http://www.campion.ox.ac.uk/?q=content/history-english-reformation-one-vestment> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Brooke, G C 1931–3. ‘The mints of Canterbury and York in the reigns of Edward IV and Henry VII’, Brit Numis J, 3rd ser, 1, 73–87Google Scholar
Buck, G 1647. The History of the Life and Reigne of Richard the Third, Wilson, London Google Scholar
Budden, J 1879. ‘A biographical sketch of Cardinal Morton. From a manuscript (circa. 1610) in the possession of the President’, Proc Dorset Nat Hist Antiq Fld Club, 3, 49–73Google Scholar
Caley, J, Ellis, H and Bandinel, B (eds) 1846. Monasticon Anglicanum … by Sir William Dugdale, 6 vols, Bohn, London Google Scholar
Camden, W, Philipot, J and Gent, W D 1674. Remains Concerning Britain, Charles Harper and John Amery, London Google Scholar
Caple, C [2017]. ‘Morton cope sequin: technical analysis’, unpublished report, Archaeological Artefacts Forensic Analysis Service, Durham UniversityGoogle Scholar
Caple, C [2018]. ‘Morton cope metal threads: technical analysis’, unpublished report, Archaeological Artefacts Forensic Analysis Service, Durham UniversityGoogle Scholar
Carter, M 2010. ‘Remembrance, liturgy and status in a late medieval English Cistercian abbey: the mourning vestment of Abbot Robert Thornton of Jervaulx (1510–33)’, Textile Hist, 41 (2), 145–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cervone, C M 2013. Poetics of the Incarnation: middle English writing and the leap of love, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, F 1909. ‘A fourteenth century life of Christ’, English Rev, 1 (2), 370 Google Scholar
Chapman, J and Gaydarska, B 2007. Parts and Wholes: fragmentation in prehistoric context, Oxbow Books, Oxford Google Scholar
Davies, C S L 2004. ‘Foxe, Richard (1447/8–1528)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online edn, <https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/10051> (accessed 25 May 2020)CrossRef+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Davies, G 2016. ‘For whom the embroiderer toils: the role of the commissioners in the design of some fourteenth-century Opus Anglicanum embroideries’, in Michael, M A (ed), The Age of Opus Anglicanum, 74–89, Harvey Miller, London Google Scholar
Doe, P 1976. Tallis, Oxford University Press, London Google Scholar
Duch, A M 2016. ‘The royal funerary and burial ceremonies of medieval English kings,1216–1509’, unpublished PhD thesis, University of YorkGoogle Scholar
Duffy, E 1992. The Stripping of the Altars: traditional religion in England, 1400–1580, Yale University Press, New Haven and London Google Scholar
Duggan, E J M 1991. ‘Notes concerning the “Lily Crucifixion” in the Llanbeblig Hours ’, J Nat Libr Wales, 27, 39–48Google Scholar
Fincham, K (ed) 1994. Visitation Articles and Injunctions of the Early Stuart Church, Boydell Press/Church of England Record Society, Woodbridge Google Scholar
Graffius, J 2008. ‘The Lucca chasuble’, in Whitehead, M (ed), Held in Trust: 2008 years of sacred culture, St Omers Press, Stonyhurst Google Scholar
Haddan, W A (trans) 1994. Augustine: on the Trinity, Hendrickson, Peabody, Mass, online edn, <http://www.logoslibrary.org/augustine/trinity/0405.html> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Hale, W 2012. ‘Who oweth thys boke?’, Incunabula Project blog, Cambridge University Library, online at <https://inc-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?cat=53> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Hall, J 2014. ‘New exhibit shows power and glory at Auckland Castle’, Journal, 7 Jul 2014, online edn, <http://www.thejournal.co.uk/culture/arts-culture-news/auckland-castle-new-exhibit-shows-7382151> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Harper-Bill, C 1977. ‘An edition of the Register of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury with a critical introduction’, PhD thesis, King’s College London, online at <https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/files/2933131/DX192621.pdf> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Harper-Bill, C 1978. ‘Archbishop John Morton and the province of Canterbury, 1486–1500’, J Ecclesias Hist, 2 (1), 1–21Google Scholar
Harper-Bill, C 2004. ‘Morton, John (d. 1500)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online edn, <https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-19363> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Hayward, J (ed) 1929. Donne: complete verse and selected prose, Nonsuch Press, London Google Scholar
Hayward, M 2007. ‘Crimson, scarlet, murrey and carnation: red at the court of Henry VIII’, Textile Hist, 38 (2), 134–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heard, K 2011. ‘“Such stuff as dreams are made on”: textiles and the medieval chantry’, J Brit Archaeol Ass, 164 (1), 157–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hefling, C and Shattuck, C L (eds) 2006. The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: a worldwide survey, Oxford University Press, New York Google Scholar
Hildburgh, W L 1923/4. ‘An alabaster table of the Annunciation with the Crucifix: a study in English iconography’, Archaeologia, 74, 203–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, J [1508]. Lac Puerorum or Mylke for Chyldren, Wynkyn de Worde, London Google Scholar
Holt, T G 1984. ‘An eighteenth-century chaplain: John Champion at Sawston Hall’, Brit Cath Hist, 17 (2), 181–7Google Scholar
Hook, W F 1867. ‘John Morton’, in Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, Vol 5, 387–499, Bentley, LondonGoogle Scholar
Jackson, C 2003. ‘Glowing embers: Catholic life in Cambridgeshire in the century before emancipation’, in Rogers 2003, 46–65Google Scholar
Jackson, C 2016. ‘“Powdered with armes ymages and angels”: an early Tudor contract for embroidered vestments’, Antiq J, 96, 143–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, G W 1986. ‘The Annunciation and the Lily Crucifixion’, Trans Woolhope Naturalists’ Fld Club, 45 (2), 434–9, <https://www.woolhopeclub.org.uk/system/files/documents/transaction/woolhope-club-transactions-volume-xlv-1986-part-ii.pdf> (accessed 25 May 2020)Google Scholar
Kendrick, A F 1905. Exhibition of English Embroideries Executed Prior to the Middle of XVI Century, Burlington Fine Arts Club, London Google Scholar
Keyser, C E 1899. ‘Panel paintings of saints on the Devonshire screens’, Archaeologia, 56, 2nd ser, (6), 183–222CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingsford, C L (ed) 1905. Chronicles of London, Clarendon Press, Oxford Google Scholar
Kopytoff, I 1986. ‘The cultural biography of things: commoditization as process’, in Appadurai, A (ed), The Social Life of Things: commodities in cultural perspective, 64–91, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumby, J R 1885. Bacon’s History of the Reign of King Henry VII, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Google Scholar
MacCulloch, D 2016. ‘Modern historians on the English Reformation’, in All Things Made New: writings on the Reformation, 239–55, Allen Lane, LondonGoogle Scholar
Malden, H E (ed) 1912. ‘Croydon: introduction and Croydon Palace’, in A History of the County of Surrey, Vol 4, 205–17, Victoria County History, London, British History Online <http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol4> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Mallams 2014. ‘Oriental Carpets and Rugs: Eastern Works of Art & Furniture, Lot 464, 22 January 2014’, <http://www.catalogue-host.co.uk/mallams/oxford/2014-0122/lot_464?prev_page=browse%20results%2c%20page%2010%20of%2012&prev_url=%2fmallams%2foxford%2f2014-01-22%2f%20page_10> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Meyer, B, Morgan, D, Paine, C and Plate, S B 2010. ‘The origin and mission of material religion’, Religion 40 (3), 209–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar
More, T 1636 [1551]. The Commonwealth of Utopia, Alsop and Fawcet, London Google Scholar
[Mozley, T] 1878. Henry VII, Prince Arthur and Cardinal Morton, Clay, Sons and Taylor, London Google Scholar
Mullini, R 1997. ‘Fulgens and Lucres: a mirror held up to stage and society’, Euro Medieval Drama 1, 203–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muskett, J J 1895–6. ‘Cambridgeshire church goods: no. II’, East Angl N and Q, new ser, 6, 199–203, <https://archive.org/details/eastanglianorno05whitgoog/page/n208> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Nichols, F M 1901. Epistles of Erasmus, I, Longmans, Green, London Google Scholar
Parker, M 1910 [1566]. ‘Advertisements partly for due order in the public administration of Common Prayers and using the holy Sacraments, and partly for the apparel of persons ecclesiastical …’, in Frere, W H and Kennedy, W P, Visitation Articles and Injunctions 1559–1575, 171–80, Longmans Green, London Google Scholar
Peacock, E 1866. English Church Furniture, Ornaments and Decorations at the Period of the Reformation, as Exhibited in a List of the Goods Destroyed in Certain Lincolnshire Churches, A.D. 1566, John Camden Hotten, London Google Scholar
Prown, J D 1996. ‘Material/culture: can the farmer and the cowman still be friends?’, in Kingery, D W (ed), Learning from Things: method and theory of material culture studies, 19–27, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London Google Scholar
Quye, A, Wertz, J and Degano, I 2019. ‘Morton cope dye analysis’, unpublished report, Glasgow UniversityGoogle Scholar
Raub, J 2011. ‘Sarum liturgical printing in Tudor London’, unpublished PhD thesis, Royal Holloway College, online at <https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78863835.pdf> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Robertson, S 1880. ‘The crypt of Canterbury Cathedral, part II’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 13, 500–51Google Scholar
Robertson, S 1893. ‘Burial-places of the Archbishops of Canterbury’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 20, 276–94Google Scholar
Rogers, N (ed) 2003. Catholics in Cambridge, Gracewing, Leominster Google Scholar
Rollins, H E 1920. Old English ballads, 1553–1625, Cambridge University Press, London Google Scholar
Roper, W 1905. The Life of Sir Thomas More, Burns & Oates, London Google Scholar
Tarlow, S 2003. ‘Reformation and transformation: what happened to Catholic things in a Protestant world?’, in Gaimster, D and Gilchrist, R (eds), The Archaeology of Reformation 1480–1580, 108–21, Maney, LeedsGoogle Scholar
Vallance, A 1929. ‘Cranbrook Church inventory 1508’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 41, 57–68Google Scholar
Walsham, A 2017. ‘Recycling the sacred: material culture and cultural memory after the English Reformation’, Church Hist, 86 (4), 1,121–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, M 2016. The Livery Collar in Late Medieval England and Wales: politics, identity and affinity, Boydell & Brewer, Woodbridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whiting, R 2010. The Reformation of the English Parish Church, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickham Legg, J and Hope, W H St-J (eds) 1902. Inventories of Christchurch, Canterbury, Archibald Constable, Westminster and London Google Scholar
Williams, R 2019. ‘Archbishop of Canterbury portraits’, Dr Rowan Williams 104th Archbishop of Canterbury, online at <http://aoc2013.brix.fatbeehive.com/gallery.php/56/archbishop-of-canterbury-portraits> (accessed 25 May 2020)+(accessed+25+May+2020)>Google Scholar
Willughby, R 2012 [1877]. ‘Empcions and provisions of stuff made by Robert Willughby, knight, agenist the coronacion of our soueraine lorde king Henrey the VIIth, as herafter it apperethe’, in W Campbell (ed) 1877, Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores,Vol 2, reprinted 2012 as Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII from Original Documents Preserved in the Public Record Office, 3–29, Cambridge University Press, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Woodforde, C 1932. ‘Two unusual subjects in ancient glass in Long Melford Church’, Proc Suffolk Inst Archaeol Nat Hist, 21 (1), 63–6Google Scholar
Woodhouse, R I 1895. The Life of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury, Longmans, Green, London and New York Google Scholar
Woodruff, C E 1926. ‘The Chapel of Our Lady in the crypt of Canterbury Cathedral’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 38, 153–71Google Scholar