Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-5wvtr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-23T09:09:30.626Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

REVIEW OF CRICOTOPUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) OF THE NEARCTIC ARCTIC ZONE WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D. R. Oliver  and
M. E. Dillon
D. R. Oliver
Affiliation:
Biosystematics Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OC6
M. E. Dillon
Affiliation:
Biosystematics Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIA OC6
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The genus Cricotopus of the arctic zone of the Nearctic region, represented by 14 species in seven species groups, is reviewed. Descriptive notes on 11 species supplement those given by Hirvenoja (1973), with addition of descriptions of immature stages of C. lestralis (Edwards) and larva of C. tristis Hirvenoja. Two new species names, C. beringensis and C. trilobus, are proposed. New species names synonymies are Chironomus basalis Staeger and Chironomus holmgreni Kieffer with Chironomus tibialis (Meigen) (= C. tibialis). Several undetermined individuals are assigned to the fuscus group. Eleven species are Holarctic in distribution, of which C. bicinctus (Meigen) and C. sylvestris (Fabricius) are circumboreal. Seven species are restricted to the arctic zone, two are wide-ranging in both arctic and temperate zones, and four temperate species barely extend into the arctic zone. Keys to all known life-history stages and some ecological data, primarily of larvae, are given.

Résumé

Les auteurs révise les espèces arctiques des Cricotopus de la région néarctique qui sont représentés par 14 espèces regroupées dans sept groupes. Ils complète les descriptions d’Hirvenoja (1973) pour 11 espèces et fournit également la description des stades immatures de C. lestralis (Edwards) et de la larve de C. tristis Hirvenoja. Ils propose deux nouvelle espèces : C. beringensis et C. trilobus. Les nouvelles synonymies des noms d’espècies sont Chironomus basalis Staeger and Chironomus holmgreni Kieffer avec Chironomus tibialis (Meigen) (= C. tibialis). Ils assigne au groupe fuscus plusieurs exemplaires non déterminés. La plupart des espèces, soit 11, présentent une répartition holarctique, alors que C. bicinctus (Meigen) et C. sylvestris (Fabricius) sont circumboreal. Sept espèces sont restreintes à la zone arctique, deux à vaste répartition géographique, occupent les zones arctique et tempérée enfin, quatre espèces atteignent à peine la zone arctique. On trouvera aussi des clés de détermination pour tous les stades de développement connus, de même que des données écologiques, notamment sur les larves.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 120 , Issue 5 , May 1988 , pp. 463 - 496
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andersen, F.S. 1937. Ueber die Metamorphose der Ceratopogoniden und Chironomiden Nordost-Grönlands. Meddr. Grønland 116(1): 1–95.Google Scholar
Andersen, F.S. 1946. East Greenland lakes as habitats for chironomid larvae. Studies on the systematics and biology of Chironomidae II. Meddr Grønland 100: 1–65.Google Scholar
Barton, D.R., and Hynes, H.B.N.. 1978. Wave-zone macrobenthos of the exposed Canadian shores of the St. Lawrence Great Lakes. Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res. 4: 27–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, W.M. 1977. Environmental requirements and pollution tolerance of common freshwater Chironomidae. Environ. Monitoring Ser., EPA-600/4-77-024, Cincinnati, Ohio. pp. 1–261.Google Scholar
Brundin, L. 1949. Chironomiden und andere Bodentiere der südschwedischen Urgebirgsseen. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der bodenfaunistischen Charakterzüge schwedischer oliogotropher Seen. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm 30: 1–915.Google Scholar
Brundin, L. 1956. Zur Systematik der Orthocladiinae (Dipt., Chironomidae). Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm 37: 5–185.Google Scholar
Butler, M.G., Miller, M.C., and Mozley, S.. 1980. Macrobenthos. pp. 297–339in Hobbie, J.E. (Ed.), Limnology of Tundra Ponds, Barrow, Alaska. US/IBP Synthesis Ser. 13. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Coquillett, D.W. 1910. The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proc. U.S. nat. Mus. 37: 499–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cranston, P.S., Oliver, D.R., and Saether, O.A.. 1983. The larvae of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region—Keys and diagnoses. pp. 149–291in Wiederholm, T. (Ed.), Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region. Keys and Diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Ent. scand. Suppl. 19.Google Scholar
Danks, H.V. 1981. Arctic Arthropods. A review of systematics and ecology with particular reference to the North America fauna. Ent. Soc. Can. ISBN 0-9690829-0-8. 608 pp.Google Scholar
Danks, H. V., and Oliver, D.R.. 1972 a. Seasonal emergence of some high arctic Chironomidae (Diptera). Can. Ent. 104: 661–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danks, H. V., and Oliver, D.R.. 1972 b. Diel periodicities of emergence of some high arctic Chironomidae (Diptera). Can. Ent. 104: 903–916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, F.W. 1922. Results of the Oxford University Expedition to Spitzbergen, 1921. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9)10: 193–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, F.W. 1924. Results of the Merton College Expedition to Spitzbergen, 1923. No. 4. Diptera Nematocera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9)14: 162–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, F.W. 1932. Notes on Highland Diptera, with descriptions of six new species. Scott. nat. 194: 43–52.Google Scholar
Edwards, F.W. 1935. Diptera from Bear Island. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 10(15): 531–543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabricius, J.C. 1794. Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. 4, 472 pp. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Fittkau, E.J., and Reiss, F.. 1978. Chironomidae. pp. 404–440in Illies, J. (Ed.), Limnofauna Europeae, 2nd ed. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Goetghebuer, M. 1933. Chironomides du Groenland oriental, du Svalbard et de la terre de François Joseph. Norges Svalbard-og Ishavs-Undersok, Skr. Svalbard Ishavet 53: 19–31.Google Scholar
Goetghebuer, M., and Lenz, F.. 1950. Tendipedidae—Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae-Orthocladiinae). [part]. Fliegen palaearkt. Reg. 13g: 145–208.Google Scholar
Hansen, D.C., and Cook, E.F.. 1976. The systematics and morphology of the nearctic species of Diamesa Meigen, 1835 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Mem. Am. ent. Soc. 30. 203 pp.Google Scholar
Henriksen, K.L. 1939. A revised index of the insects of Grønland, containing a supplement to the insect list in Kai L. Henriksen and Will Lundbeck: Grønlands landarthropoder. (Medd om Grønl. 22. 1917). Meddr Grønland 119(10): 1–112.Google Scholar
Henriksen, K.L. and Lundbeck, W.. 1917. II. Grønlands landarthropoder (Insecta et Archnida). Meddr Grønland 22: 481–821.Google Scholar
Hirvenoja, M. 1967. 7. Chironomidae and Culicidae (Dipt.) from Spitsbergen. A. Chironomidae. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 33: 52–61.Google Scholar
Hirvenoja, M. 1973. Revision der Gattung Cricotopus van der Wulp und ihrer Verwandten (Diptera, Chironomidae). Ann. Zool. Fenn. 10: 1–363.Google Scholar
Holmgren, A.E. 1869. Bidrag till kannedomen on Beeren Eilands och Spetsbergens insekt-fauna. K. svenska Vetensk-Akad. Handl. 8(5): 1–55.Google Scholar
Hirvenoja, M. 1883. Insecta a viris doctissimus Nordenskiold illum ducem sequentibus in insulis Waigatsch et Novaja Semlia anno 1875 collecta. Diptera. Ent. Tidskr. 4: 162–190.Google Scholar
Kieffer, J.J. 1906. Diptera Fam. Chironomidae. Genera Insect. 42: 1–78.Google Scholar
Kieffer, J.J. 1909. Diagnoses de nouveaux Chironomides de l'Allemagne. Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Metz. 26: 37–56.Google Scholar
Kieffer, J.J. 1926. Chironomiden der 2. Fram-Expedition (1898–1902). Norsk. ent. Tiddsskr. 2: 78–89.Google Scholar
Kieffer, J.J., and Thienemann, A.. 1908. Neue und bekannte Chironomiden und ihre Metamorphose. I. Neue und bekannte Chironomiden [Kieffer, J.J.]. II. Chironomidenmetamorphosen [Thienemann, A.]. Z. wiss. Insektbiol. 4: 1–10, 33–39, 78–84, 124–128, 184–190, 214–219, 256–259, 277–286.Google Scholar
Kieffer, J.J., and Thienemann, A.. 1919. Chironomiden gesammelt von Dr A. Koch (Münster i. W.) auf den Lofoten, der Bäreninsel und Spitzbergen (Dipt.) Chironomiden der nördlichen Polarregion. Ent. Mitt. 8: 38–48, 110–124.Google Scholar
Langton, P.H. 1984. A key to pupal exuviae of British Chironomidae. Privately published by the author. 324 pp.Google Scholar
LeSage, L., and Harrison, A.D.. 1980 a. Taxonomy of Cricotopus species (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Salem Creek, Ontario. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 111: 57–114.Google Scholar
LeSage, L., and Harrison, A.D.. 1980 b. The biology of Cricotopus (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) in an algal-enriched stream: Part I. Normal biology. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 57: 375–418.Google Scholar
Lindeberg, B. 1971. The study of populations of Tanytarsus gracilentus (Diptera, Chironomidae). Limnologica, Berl. 8: 49–50.Google Scholar
Lindeberg, B. 1980.Taxonomic problems in Holarctic Chironomidae (Diptera). pp. 93–96in Murray, D.A. (Ed.), Chironomidae, Ecology, Systematics, Cytology and Physiology. Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York.Google Scholar
Macquart, J. 1826. Insectes Diptèrès du Nord de la France. Tipulaires. Mem. Soc. Sci. Agric. Lille 1823–1824: 59–224.Google Scholar
Meigen, J.J. 1804. Klassification und Beschreibung der europäischen zweiflüglichen Insekten (Diptera Linn.). 1. Erste Abtheilung. xviii + 1–152; zweite Abtheilung. vi + 153–314. Reichard, Braunschweig (= Brunswick).Google Scholar
Meigen, J.J. 1818. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen, zweiflügeligen Insekten. 1, xxxvi + 332 pp. Forstmann, Aachen.Google Scholar
Meigen, J.J. 1830. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen, zweiflügeligen Insekten. 6, xi + 401 pp. Schulz. Hamm.Google Scholar
Oliver, D.R. 1962. A review of the subfamily Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae, Diptera) of Bear Island. Astarte 20. 19 pp.Google Scholar
Oliver, D.R. 1963. Entomological studies in the Lake Hazen area, Ellesmere Island, including lists of species of Arachnida, Collembola, and Insecta. Arctic 16: 175–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, D.R. 1976. Chironomidae (Diptera) of Char Lake, Cornwallis Island, N.W.T., with descriptions of two new species. Can. Ent. 108: 1053–1064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, D.R. 1977. Bicinctus-group of the genus Cricotopus Van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Nearctic with a description of a new species. J. Fish Res. Bd Can. 34: 98–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, D.R. 1985. Review of Xylotopus Oliver and description of Irisobrillia n. gen. (Diptera: Chironomidae). Can. Ent. 117: 1093–1110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, D.R., and Corbet, P.S.. 1966. Aquatic habitats in a high arctic locality; the Hazen Camp study area, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. Def. Res. Bd Can., D Phys R(G) Hazen 26. 115 pp. + 267 figs.Google Scholar
Oliver, D.R., and Danks, H.V.. 1972. Sex ratios of some high arctic Chironomidae (Diptera). Can. Ent. 104(9): 1413–1417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oliver, D.R., and Roussel, M.E.. 1983. Redescription of Brillia Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) with descriptions of Nearctic species. Can. Ent. 115: 257–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reiss, F. 1968. Ökologische und systematische Untersuchungen an Chironomiden (Diptera) des Bodensees. Ein Beitrag zur lakustrischen Chironomidenfauna des nördlichen Alpenvorlands. Arch. Hydrobiol. 64: 176–323.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, D.M., Wiens, A.P., and Saether, O.A.. 1977. Life histories of Cricotopus (Cricotopus) bicinctus and C. (C.) mackenziensis in the Fort Simpson area, Northwest Territories. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 34(2): 247–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saether, O.A. 1968. Chironomids of the Finse Area, Norway, with special reference to their distribution in a glacier brook. Arch. Hydrobiol. 69: 426–483.Google Scholar
Saether, O.A. 1975. Nearctic and Palaearctic Heterotrissocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae). Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 193. 67 pp.Google Scholar
Saether, O.A. 1976. Revision of Hydrobaenus, Trissocladius, Zalutschia, Paratrissocladius, and some related genera (Diptera: Chironomidae). Bull. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 195. 287 pp.Google Scholar
Saether, O.A. 1980. Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ent. scand. Suppl. 14: 1–51.Google Scholar
Say, T. 1823. Descriptions of dipterous insects of the United States. J. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad. 3: 9–54, 73–104.Google Scholar
Simpson, K.W., Bode, R.W., and Albu, P.. 1983. Keys for the genus Cricotopus adapted from “Revision der Gattung Cricotopus van der Wulp und ihrer Verwandten (Diptera, Chironomidae)” by M. Hirvenoja. Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 450: 1–133.Google Scholar
Soponis, A.R. 1977. A revision of the nearctic species of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) van der Wulp (Diptera, Chironomidae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 102: 1–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staeger, C. 1845. Grønlands antliater. Naturh. Tidsskr. 2: 346–369.Google Scholar
Sublette, J.E., and Sublette, M.S.. 1965. Family Chironomidae (Tendipedidae). pp. 142–181 in Stone, A. et al. , (Eds.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. U.S.D.A., Agric. Res. Serv. Handb. 276.Google Scholar
Thienemann, A. 1944. Bestimmungstabellen für die bis jetzt bekannten Larven und Puppen der Orthocladiinen (Diptera, Chironomidae). Arch. Hydrobiol. 39: 551–664.Google Scholar
Tokunaga, M. 1936. Japanese Cricotopus and Corynoneura species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Tenthedro 1: 9–52.Google Scholar
Tuiskunen, J., and Lindeberg, B.. 1986. Chironomidae (Diptera) from Fennoscandia north of 68°N, with a description of new species and two new genera. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 23: 361–393.Google Scholar
Watson, D.G., Davis, J.J., and Hanson, W.C.. 1966. Terrestrial invertebrates. pp. 586–584 in Wilimovsky, N.J., and Wolfe, J.N. (Eds.), Environment of the Cape Thompson Region, Alaska. U.S. Atomic Energy Comm. (Clearinghouse for Federal Sci. and Tech. Inf., Springfield, VA, PNE-4811).Google Scholar
Wiederholm, T. (Ed.). 1983. Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 1. Larvae. Ent. scand. Suppl. 19: 1–457.Google Scholar
Wiederholm, T. (Ed.). 1986. Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 2. Pupae. Ent. scand. Suppl. 28: 1–482.Google Scholar
Wulp, F.M. van der. 1874. Dipterologische aanteekneningen. Tijdschr. Ent. 17: 109–148.Google Scholar
Zetterstedt, J.W. 1838. Sectio tertia, Diptera. Dipterologis scandinaviae amicis et popularibus carissimus. pp. 477–868 in Insecta lapponica. Leipzig, ‘1840’. vi + 1140 pp.Google Scholar