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LATE CHALCOLITHIC CERAMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN IRAQI KURDISTAN: THE STRATIGRAPHIC SOUNDING AT KANI SHAIE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2021

Steve Renette ,
Khaled Abu Jayyab ,
Elizabeth Gibbon ,
Michael P. Lewis ,
Zana Abdullkarim Qadir ,
Ricardo Cabral  and
André G. Tomé
Steve Renette
Affiliation:
Steve Renette Department of Classical, Near Eastern, and Religious Studies University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada srenette@mail.ubc.ca
Khaled Abu Jayyab
Affiliation:
Khaled Abu Jayyab Jackman Humanities Institute University of Toronto Toronto, Canada khaled.abujayyab@mail.utoronto.ca
Elizabeth Gibbon
Affiliation:
Elizabeth Gibbon Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Toronto, Canada elizabeth.gibbon@mail.utoronto.ca
Michael P. Lewis
Affiliation:
Michael P. Lewis Department of Archaeology University of Cambridge Cambridge, U.K. ml830@cam.ac.uk
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Abstract

Kani Shaie is a small archaeological site in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, centrally located in the Bazian Basin, a narrow valley at the western edge of the Zagros Mountains along the major route between Kirkuk and Sulaymaniyah. Its main mound was inhabited almost continuously from the fifth to the middle of the third millennium, c. 5000–2500 B.C.E. This period of Mesopotamian prehistory, corresponding to the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, witnessed major transformations such as initial urbanism and intensification of interregional interaction networks. The recent resurgence of fieldwork in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq is beginning to reveal local trajectories that do not always match the established chronological framework, which is largely based on changes in ceramic technology and styles observed in northern Mesopotamia. Here, we discuss the ceramic sequence retrieved from a step trench at Kani Shaie spanning the entire Late Chalcolithic (c. 4600–3100 B.C.E.). A bottom-up approach to potting traditions at the site allows an initial assessment of the relationship between local communities in the Zagros foothills and large-scale developments in the Mesopotamian world. We argue that the evidence from Kani Shaie reflects a long process in which different communities of practice made active choices of adopting, adapting, or rejecting non-local cultural practices.

كاني شاي Kani Shaie هو موقع أثري صغير يقع في كردستان العراق، له موقعا مركزيا في حوض بازيان Bazian Basin الذي هو بمثابة واد ضيق يقع في الطرف الغربي من جبال زاغروس على طول الطريق الرئيسي بين كركوك والسليمانية. كان تله الرئيسي مأهولا باستمرار اعتبارا من الألف الخامس الى منتصف الألف الثالث قبل الميلاد (5000–2500 ق .م ). هذه الفترة من التاريخ قبل الميلادي لوادي الرافدين الموافقة للعصر الحجري النحاسي والعصر البرونزي المبكر شهدت تحولات كبيرة مثل التحضر الأولي وتكثف شبكات التفاعل الإقليمي. عودة العمل الميداني في كردستان العراق مؤخرًا بدأ في الكشف عن مسارات محلية لا تتوافق دائمًا مع الإطار الزمني المعمول به والقائم بصورة عامة على أساس التغيرات في تقنية صناعة الفخار ونماذجه الملاحظة في شمال وادي الرافدين. نقوم في هذا البحث بمناقشة التسلسل الفخاري المسترد من خندق مدرج في كاني شاي Kani Shaie يمتد تاريخه عبر العصر النحاسي المتأخر بأكمله (حوالي 4600–3100 قبل الميلاد). نهج من أسفل إلى أعلى لتقاليد صناعة الفخار في الموقع يسهل التوصل الى تقييم أولي للعلاقة بين المجتمعات المحلية في سفوح زاغروس والمجتمعات الكبرى في عالم وادي الرافدين. ونناقش هنا بأن كاني شاي Kani Shaie تعكس عملية طويلة الأمد مارست خلالها مجتمعات مختلفة تبني أو تكيف أو رفض ممارسات ثقافية غير محلية.

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Research Article
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IRAQ , Volume 83 , December 2021 , pp. 119 - 166
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Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2021

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