Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T20:15:33.371Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physical aspects of CMAS particle dynamics and deposition in turboshaft engines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2020

Luis G. Bravo Open the ORCID record for Luis G. Bravo [Opens in a new window] ,
Nishan Jain Open the ORCID record for Nishan Jain [Opens in a new window] ,
Prashant Khare ,
Muthuvel Murugan ,
Anindya Ghoshal  and
Alison Flatau
Luis G. Bravo*
Affiliation:
US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland21005, USA
Nishan Jain
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, USA
Prashant Khare
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio45221, USA
Muthuvel Murugan
Affiliation:
US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland21005, USA
Anindya Ghoshal
Affiliation:
US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland21005, USA
Alison Flatau
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: luis.g.bravorobles.civ@mail.mil
Get access

Abstract

Gas turbine engines for fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft are operated in a variety of harsh weather environments ranging from arctic, volcanic zones, to desert conditions. Operation under these degraded conditions leads to the undesired entrainment of complex particulates resulting in drastic performance losses. Hence, there is a critical need to understand the governing mechanisms to inform the development of durable thermal and environmental barrier coatings. The objective of the current work is to present a novel multiscale physics-based approach to study two-phase flows that take into account the underpinning particle transport and deposition dynamics. Sessile droplet models are presented and used to compute the contact angle at high temperatures and compared with experiments. The study also investigates the sensitivity of deposition patterns to the Stokes number and the results identify local vulnerability regions. The analysis suggests that particle size distributions and the initial trajectories of the particles are critically important in predicting the final deposition pattern.

Keywords

multiphase flowsdepositionboundary layercomputational fluid dynamics
Type
Invited Paper
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 35 , Issue 17: Focus Issue: Sand-phobic Thermal/Environmental Barrier Coatings for Gas Turbine Engines , 14 September 2020 , pp. 2249 - 2259
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020, published on behalf of Materials Research Society by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Filippone, A. and Bojdo, N.: Turboshaft engine air particle separation. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 46, 224–245 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dokelarr, A., Martin, R.V., Brauer, M., Kahn, R., Levy, R., Verduzco, C., and Villeneuve, P.J.: Global estimates of ambient fine particulate matter concentrations from satellite-based aerosol optical depth: Development and application. Environ. Health Perspect. 118, 847–855 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walock, M., Barnett, B., Ghoshal, A., Murugan, M., Swab, J.J., Pepi, M.S., Hopkins, D., Gazonas, G., Rowe, C., and Kerner, K.: Micro-scale sand particles within the hot section of a gas turbine engine .In Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites XI: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, J, Salem, D, Singh, M, Fukushima and A, Gyekenyesi, eds, Vol, 37. (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2017), pp. 159–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nieto, A., Walock, M., Ghoshal, A., Zhu, D., Gamble, W., Barnett, B., Murugan, M., Pepi, C., Rowe, C., and Pegg, R.: Layered, composite, and doped thermal barrier coatings exposed to sand laden flows within a gas turbine engine: Microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and CMAS deposition. Surf. Coat. Technol. 349, 1107–1116 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghoshal, A., Murugan, M., Walock, M.J., Nieto, A., Barnett, B.D., Pepi, M.S., Swab, J.J., Zhu, D., Kerner, K.A., Rowe, C.R., Shiao, C.Y., Hopkins, D.A., and Gazonas, G.A.: Molten particulate impact on tailored thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine engine. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power 140, 022601 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murugan, M., Ghoshal, A., Walock, M.J., Barnett, B.D., Pepi, M.S., and Kerner, K.A.: Sand particle-Induced deterioration of thermal barrier coatings on gas turbine blades. Adv. Aircr. Spacecr. Sci. 4, 37 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larry Fehrenbacher, D.K., Kutsch, J., Vesnovsky, I., Fehrenbacher, E., Ghoshal, A., Walock, M., Murugan, M., and Nieto, A.: Advanced environmental barrier coatings for SiC CMCs .In Advances in Ceramics for Environmental, Functional, Structural, and Energy Applications II, Vol. 266, Mahmoud, M.M., Sridharan, K., Colorado, H., Bhalla, A.S., Singh, J.P., Gupta, S., Langhorn, J., Jitianu, A. and Jose Manjooran, N., eds. (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2019), pp. 83–93.Google Scholar
Balachandar, S. and Eaton, J.K.: Turbulent dispersed multiphase flow. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 42, 111–133 (2010).10.1146/annurev.fluid.010908.165243CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guha, A.: Transport and deposition of particles in turbulent and laminar flow. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 40, 311–341 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elghobashi, S.: An updated classification map of particle-laden turbulent flows. In IUTAM Symposium on Computational Approaches to Multiphase Flow, Proceedings of an IUTAM Symposium held at Argonne National Laboratory, 4–7 October 2007.Google Scholar
Loth, E.: Numerical approaches for motion of dispersed particles, droplets, and bubbles. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 26, 161–223 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, R.O.: Large-eddy-simulation tools for multiphase flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 44, 47–76 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passalacqua, A., Laurent, F., Madadi-Kandjani, E., Heylmun, J.C., and Fox, R.: An open-source quadrature-based population balance solver for OpenFOAM. Chem. Eng. Sci. 176, 306–318 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhlmann, M.: Interface-resolved direct numerical simulation of vertical particulate channel flow in the turbulent regime. Phys. Fluids 20, 053305 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fox, R., Laurent, F., and Massot, F.: Numerical simulation of spray coalescence in an Eulerian framework: Direct quadrature method of moments and multi-fluid method. J Comput. Phys. 277, 3058–3088 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elghobashi, S.: Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flows laden with droplets or bubbles. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 51, 217–244 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kozak, Y., Dammati, S.S., Bravo, L.G., Hamlington, P.E., and Poludnenko, A.Y.: WENO interpolation for Lagrangian particles in highly compressible flow regimes. J. Comput. Phys. 402, 109054 (2020).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, T.Y., Zhang, F., Liu, H.F., and Yao, M.F.: Modeling of droplet/wall interaction based on SPH method. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 105, 296–304 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, X., Dai, L., and Kong, S.-C.: Simulation of liquid drop impact on dry and wet surfaces using SPH method. Proc. Combust. Inst. 36, 2393–99 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snoeijer, J.H. and Andreotti, B.: Moving contact lines: Scales, regimes, and dynamical transitions. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 35, 269–292 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bravo, L., Xue, Q., Murugan, M., Ghoshal, A., Walock, M., and Flatau, A.: Particle transport analysis of sand ingestion in gas turbine jet engines. In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Atlanta, GA, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, D.I. and James, P.W.: Turbulent dispersion of particles using eddy interaction models. Int. J. Multiphase Flow 22, 157–175 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mofakham, A. and Ahmadi, G.: Particle dispersion and deposition in inhomogeneous turbulent flows using continuous random walk models. Phys. Fluids 31, 083301 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bons, J.P., Prenter, R., and Whitaker, S.: A simple physics based model for particle rebound and deposition in turbomachinery. J. Turbomach. 139, 081009 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, S. and Tafti, D.: Particle deposition model for particulate flows at high temperatures in gas turbine engine components. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 52, 72–83 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bojdo, N. and Filippone, A.: A simple model to assess the role of dust composition and size on deposition in rotorcraft engines. Aerospace 6, 44 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huh, C. and Scriven, L.E.: Hydrodynamic model of steady movement of a solid/liquid/fluid contact line. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 35, 85–101 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, Z., Wang, J., Wen, S., Wang, P., Zhang, D., and Yin, C.: Study on the properties of UHMW-PE film. Adv. Mater. Phys. Chem. 5, 337–343 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, Y.X., Bai, Y., Du, G.Q., Yu, F.L., Bao, C.G., Wang, Y.T., and Ding, F.: High temperature wettability between CMAS/YSZ coating with tailored surface microstructures. Mater. Lett. 229, 40–43 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arts, T. and De Rouvroit, M.L.: Aero-thermal performance of a two-dimensional highly loaded transonic turbine nozzle guide vane: A test case for inviscid and viscous flow computations. J. Turbomach 114, 147–154 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ray, M., Yang, X., Kong, S.-C., Bravo, L., and Kweon, C-B.M.: High-fidelity simulation of drop collision and vapor–liquid equilibrium of van der Waals fluids. Proc. Combust. Inst. 36, 2385–2392 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, X. and Kong, S.-C.: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for evaporating multiphase flows. Phys. Rev. E 96, 033309 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brès, G.A., Bose, S.T., Emory, M., Ham, F.E., Schmidt, O.T., Rigas, G., and Colonius, T.: Large-Eddy simulations of co-annular turbulent jet using a Voronoi-based mesh generation framework. In AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ham, F., Bose, S., Hejazi, B., and Mittal, V.: A low-dissipation numerical scheme on Voronoi grids for complex geometries. In 68th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 60 (American Physical Society, Boston, MA, USA, 2015).Google Scholar
Joo, B.H., Medic, G., Philips, D.A., and Bose, S.T.: Large-eddy simulation of a compressor rotor. In Proceedings of the Stanford Summer Program, Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford, CA, 2014; p. 467.Google Scholar
Jain, N., Bravo, L., Kim, D., Murugan, M., Ghoshal, A., Ham, F., and Flatau, A.: Massively parallel large eddy simulation of rotating turbomachinery for variable speed gas turbine engine operation. Energies 13, 703 (2020).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vreman A, W.: An eddy-viscosity subgrid-scale model for turbulent shear flow: Algebraic theory and applications. Phys. Fluids 16, 367081 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowe, C., Sommerfeld, M., and Tsuju, Y.: Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles (CRC Press, Boca Ranton, FL, 1998).Google Scholar
Bravo, L., Kim, D., Ham, F., and Kerner, K.: High fidelity simulation of primary breakup and vaporization of liquid jet in cross flow. In AIAA-2018-4683, 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference,, Cincinatti, OH, 2018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, Q., Faber, V., and Gunzburger, M.: Centroidal Voronoi tessellations: Applications and algorithms. SIAM Rev. 41, 637–676 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar