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Starting with Christianity’s Jewish heritage and Greco-Roman context, this chapter surveys the early theological efforts of the “apostolic fathers,” the apologists under Roman persecution, and the emergence of a fledgling “orthodoxy” through the crucial theological work of the church fathers against the backdrop of “heresy.” It then explores the canonization of the New Testament text, the development of the doctrines of the Trinity and christology, and the key contributions of Augustine in the West and the Cappadocians in the East as the apex of patristic theology.
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