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Case 53 - Self-Tolerance Failure

from Section 7 - Acute Onset of Neurological Symptoms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2023

Mark McCarron
Affiliation:
Ulster University
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Summary

A 34-year-old student nurse with a history of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 with diabetes mellitus experienced stereotyped ‘bizzing’ sensations (not a noise) in her head with subsequent loss of consciousness. Within six months, four such events occurred. An eye-witnessed account suggested that she reached out to clutch or grab an object, her speech became confused and then she went rigid and blue. She frothed at the mouth with noisy respirations. There was twitching of her hands. The episodes typically lasted 90 seconds. She had bitten her tongue on two occasions but had not been incontinent. She was confused and disorientated for 90 minutes after the episodes. She had sustained at least one head injury as a consequence of the collapses. In two of the events, a blood glucose was recorded as normal. Corrected calcium was low at 1.94 mmol/L. She had some seizures when she was much younger, which were attributed to hypoglycaemia.

Type
Chapter
Information
55 Cases in Neurology
Case Histories and Patient Perspectives
, pp. 359 - 364
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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References

Husebye, ES, Anderson, MS, Kampe, O. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1132–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearce, SHS, Cheetham, T, Imrie, H et al. A common and recurrent 13-bp deletion in the autoimmune regulator gene in British kindreds with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1. Am J Hum Genet. 1998;63(6):1675–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berger, JR, Weaver, A, Greenlee, J. Neurologic consequences of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1. Neurology. 2008;70(23):2248–51..CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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