Examination of the allegorical potential of Chrétien's romances has continued, but without the major controversies characteristic of such scholarship in Jc and Jd in the 1976 Bibliography. It appears that the allegorical contexts for medieval reading or listening audiences depended on whether one is concerned with whether Chrétien intended such contexts when he wrote his romances, or whether his audiences perceived them in reflecting on their meaning. A less controversial area has been the allegorization of his narratives in later romances, most notably in the Lancelot-Grail cycle (see Pa). This leaves open the possibility for moral or spiritual allegory as a factor in audience reception, whatever the author's intention may have been. Modern symbolism (Jf) is linked to a number of topics in U.

General Studies

7 Ohly, Friedrich. ‘Vom geistigen Sinn […]’; repr. in his Schriften zur mittelalterlichen Bedeutungsforschung (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1977), pp. 1–31. (XXX.56)

18 Haug, Walter, ‘Die Symbolstruktur […]’ Repr. in Dc15.

23 Beaujouan, Guy, ‘Le symbolisme des nombres à l'époque romane,’ CCM, 4 (1961), 159–69.

24 Frappier, Jean, ‘Aspects de l'hermétisme dans la poésie médiévale,’ CAIEF, 15 (1963), 9–24; repr. in Dc2.

Treats Perceval pp. 15–17.

25 Payen, Jean-Charles, ‘Genèse et finalités de la pensée allégorique au Moyen Age,’ Revue de métaphysique et de morale, 78 (1973), 466–79.

Chrétien's use of personifications.

26 Kuhn, Hugo, ‘Allegorie und Erzählstruktur,’ in Formen und Funktionen der Allegorie, Symposion Wolfenbüttel 1978, ed. Walter Haug, Germanistische Symposien: Berichtsbände, 3 (Stuttgart: Metzler, 1979), pp. 206–18 (XXXII.44); repr. in his Liebe und Gesellschaft, ed. Wolfgang Walliczek (Stuttgart: Metzler, 1980). (XXXIII.45)

Treats the Joie de la cort episode.