Rules of Engagement

Gary D. Solis

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511757839.015

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13 - Rules of Engagement

from LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: BATTLEFIELD ISSUES

Gary D. Solis

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Gary D. Solis: Affiliation:
United States Military Academy

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Introduction

At Bunker Hill, in 1775, William Prescott (or was it Israel Putnam?) is said to have ordered his Continental rebels, “Don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes.” Because the order specified the circumstances in which deadly force could be employed by infantry forces it could be considered an early rule of engagement. (Except it is too clear and too brief to qualify.)

Rules of engagement (ROE) are not law of armed conflict (LOAC) or international humanitarian law (IHL). They are not mentioned in the Geneva Conventions or Additional Protocols, and they are not the subject of a multinational treaty bearing on armed conflict. Nor are they are domestic law. They are military directives, heavy with acronyms. ROE are examined here because they play a significant role in executing the state's LOAC/IHL obligations and because they are frequently cited when LOAC/IHL violations are alleged. Most states' armed forces have some version of ROE to guide their combatants. (The record of UN peace-keeping forces and their ROE implementation has been troubled, making a “strong [UN] response to provocation close to impossible.”) Although not LOAC/IHL, ROE violations are typically punished through the state's military code. In U.S. practice, violations are prosecuted as violations of a lawful general order, a common Uniform Code of Military Justice offense.

Type: Chapter
Information: The Law of Armed Conflict
International Humanitarian Law in War
, pp. 490 - 518

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511757839.015 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2010

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