Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of illustrations
- List of tables
- Acknowledgements
- A note on fonts
- List of abbreviations and conventions
- 1 What is writing?
- 2 The basic options: meaning and sound
- 3 Signs of words
- 4 Signs of syllables
- 5 Signs of segments
- 6 Consonants and vowels
- 7 Vowel incorporation
- 8 Analysis and interpretation
- 9 Mixed systems
- 10 History of writing
- 11 Psycholinguistics of writing
- 12 Sociolinguistics of writing
- Appendix: Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 1
- Bibliography
- Index of names
- Index of subjects
3 - Signs of words
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of illustrations
- List of tables
- Acknowledgements
- A note on fonts
- List of abbreviations and conventions
- 1 What is writing?
- 2 The basic options: meaning and sound
- 3 Signs of words
- 4 Signs of syllables
- 5 Signs of segments
- 6 Consonants and vowels
- 7 Vowel incorporation
- 8 Analysis and interpretation
- 9 Mixed systems
- 10 History of writing
- 11 Psycholinguistics of writing
- 12 Sociolinguistics of writing
- Appendix: Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 1
- Bibliography
- Index of names
- Index of subjects
Summary
All words of necessary or common use were spoken before they were written; and while they were unfixed by any visible signs, must have been spoken with great diversity.
Samuel JohnsonIt would be necessary to search for the reason for dividing language into words – for in spite of the difficulty of defining it, the word is a unit that strikes the mind, something central in the mechanism of language.
Ferdinand de SaussureTheoretical words
Words are the typical units of lexicology and lexicography. This seems obvious enough, but there has been a great deal of scholarly discussion about the status of the word in language structure. Some linguists avoid the term altogether giving preference to the morpheme as the smallest and basic grammatical unit. For, while in everyday speech we can live with expressions that have vague and multiple meanings, scientific terms should be unambiguous and, ideally, universally applicable. The word fails on both counts. ‘Word’ is a highly ambiguous term and hard to define in a way valid for all languages. Words are units at the boundary between morphology and syntax serving important functions as carriers of both semantic (Sampson 1979) and syntactic (Di Sciullo and Williams 1987) information and as such are subject to typological variation. In some languages words seem to be more clearly delimited and more stable than in others. The structural make-up of words depends on typological characteristics of languages.
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- Writing SystemsAn Introduction to Their Linguistic Analysis, pp. 38 - 61Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2002