Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T13:11:21.122Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Section 2 - The scientific essentials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2015

Edited by
Leo Plouffe, Jr  and
Botros R. M. B. Rizk
Leo Plouffe, Jr
Affiliation:
Bayer Healthcare, Wayne, New Jersey
Botros R. M. B. Rizk
Affiliation:
University of South Alabama
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Androgens in Gynecological Practice , pp. 55 - 110
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Kelly, DM, Jones, TH. Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease. J Endocrinol 2013;217(3):R25–45.Google Scholar
2.Kelly, DM, Jones, TH. Testosterone: a vascular hormone in health 1 and disease. J Endocrinol 2013;217(3):R47–71.Google Scholar
3.Lubahnn, DB, Joseph, DR, Sullivan, PM, et al. Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome. Science 1998;240(4850):327–330.Google Scholar
4.Brown, CJ, Goss, SJ, Lubahn, DB, et al. Androgen receptor locus on the human X chromosome: regional localization to Xq11-12 and description of a DNA polymorphism. Am J Hum Genet 1989;44(2):264–269.Google ScholarPubMed
5.Cleve, A, Fritzemeier, KH, Haendler, B, et al. Pharmacology and clinical use of sex steroid hormone receptor modulators. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2012;214:543–587.Google Scholar
6.Burris, TP, Solt, LA, Wang, Y, et al. Nuclear receptors and their selective pharmacologic modulators. Pharmacol Rev 2013;65(2):710–778.Google Scholar
7.Toft, D, Gorski, J. A receptor molecule for estrogens: isolation from the rat uterus and preliminary characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1966;55(6):1574–1581.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Hollenberg, SM, Weinberger, C, Ong, ES, et al. Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature 1985;318(6047):635–641.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Pratt, WB, Galigniana, MD, Morishima, Y, Murphy, PJ. Role of molecular chaperones in steroid receptor action. Essays Biochem 2004;40:41–58.Google ScholarPubMed
10.Meyer, ME, Gronemeyer, H, Turcotte, B, et al. Steroid hormone receptors compete for factors that mediate their enhance function. Cell 1989;57(3):433–442.Google Scholar
11.Dasgupta, S, Lonard, DM, O’Malley, BW. Nuclear receptor coactivators: master regulators of human health and disease. Annu Rev Med 2014;65:279–292.Google Scholar
12.Fritz, MA, Speroff, L. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility (8th Ed.). (2011) Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
13.Grubisha, MJ, DeFranco, DB. Local endocrine, paracrine and redox signaling networks impact estrogen and androgen crosstalk in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Steroid 2013;78(6):538–541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Wilson, CM, McPhaul, MJ. A and B forms of the androgen receptor are present in human genital skin fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91(4):1234–1238.Google Scholar
15.Cano, LQ, Lavery, DN, Bevan, CL. Mini-review: foldosome regulation of androgen receptor action in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013;369(1–2):52–62.Google Scholar
16.Heinlein, CA, Chang, C. Role of chaperones in nuclear translocation and transactivation of steroid receptors. Endocrine 2001;14(2):143–149.Google Scholar
17.Pratt, WB, Toft, DO. Steroid receptors interactions with heat shock protein and immunophilin chaperones. Endocr Rev 1997;18(3):306–360.Google Scholar
18.Dittmar, KD, Banach, M, Galigniana, MD, Pratt, WB. The role of DNA-like proteins in glucocorticoid receptor.hsp90 heterocomplex assembly by the reconstituted hsp90.p60.hsp70 foldosome complex. J Biol Chem 1998; 273(13):7358–7366.Google Scholar
19.Grenert, JP, Sullivan, WP, Fadden, P, et al. The amino-terminal domain of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) that binds geldanamycin is an ATP/ADP switch domain that regulates hsp90 conformation. J Biol Chem 1997;272(38):23843–23850.Google Scholar
20.Black, BE, Paschal, BM. Intranuclear organization and function of the androgen receptor. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2004;15(9):411–417.Google Scholar
21.Cutress, ML, Whitaker, HC, Mills, LG, et al. Structural basis for the nuclear import of the human androgen receptor. J Cell Sci 2008;121(Pt 7):957–968.Google Scholar
22.Thadani-Mulero, M, Nanus, DM, Giannakakou, P. Androgen receptor on the move: boarding the microtubule expressway to the nucleus. Cancer Res 2012;72(18):4611–4615.Google Scholar
23.Echeverria, PC, Picard, D. Molecular chaperones, essential partners of steroid hormone receptors for activity and mobility. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010;1803(6):641–649.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Vandevyver, S, Dejager, L, Libert, C. On the trail of the glucocorticoid receptor: into the nucleus and back. Traffic 2012;13(3):364–374.Google Scholar
25.Massie, CE, Adryan, B, Barbosa-Morais, NL, et al. New androgen receptor genomic targets show an interaction with the ETS1 transcription factor. EMBO Rep 2007;8(9):871–878.Google Scholar
26.Claessens, F, Gewirth, DT. DNA recognition by nuclear receptors. Essays Biochem 2004;40:59–72.Google Scholar
27.Gottlieb, B, Beitel, LK, Wu, JH, Trifiro, M. The androgen receptor gene mutations database (ARDB): 2004 update. Hum Mutat 2004;23(6): 527–533. Note: Erratum: Hum Mutat 24: 102 only, 2004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Sultan, C, Lumbroso, S, Poujol, N, et al. Mutations of androgen receptor gene in androgen insensitivity syndromes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1993;46(5): 519–530CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.McPhaul, MJ, Marcelli, M, Zoppi, S, et al. Mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene cluster in two regions of the gene. J Clin Invest 1992;90(5):2097–2101.Google Scholar
30.McPhaul, MJ, Marcelli, M, Zoppi, S, et al. Genetic basis of endocrine disease 4: the spectrum of mutations in the androgen receptor gene that causes androgen resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76(1):17–23.Google ScholarPubMed
31.Ris-Stalpers, C, Kuiper, GGJM, Faber, PW, et al. Aberrant splicing of androgen receptor mRNA results in synthesis of a nonfunctional receptor protein in a patient with androgen insensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87(20): 7866–7870.Google Scholar
32.Holterhus, P-M, Bruggenwirth, HT, Hiort, O, et al. Mosaicism due to a somatic mutation of the androgen receptor gene determines phenotype in androgen insensitivity syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(11):3584–3589.Google Scholar
33.Quigley, CA, Friedman, KJ, Johnson, A, Complete deletion of the androgen receptor gene: definition of the null phenotype of the androgen insensitivity syndrome and determination of carrier status. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74(4):927–933.Google Scholar
34.Hiort, O, Sinnecker, GHG, Holterhus, P-M, et al. Inherited and de novo androgen receptor gene mutations: investigation of single-case families. J Pediatr 1998;132(6):939–943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Gottlieb, B, Beitel, LK, Trifiro, MA. Variable expressivity and mutation databases: the androgen receptor gene mutations database. Hum Mutat 2001;17(5):382–388.Google Scholar
36.Holterhus, P-M, Wiebel, J, Sinnecker, GHG, et al. Clinical and molecular spectrum of somatic mosaicism in androgen insensitivity syndrome. Pediatr Res 1999;46(6):684–690.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Kohler, B, Lumbroso, S, Leger, J, et al. Androgen insensitivity syndrome: somatic mosaicism of the androgen receptor in seven families and consequences for sex assignment and genetic counseling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(1):106–111.Google Scholar
38.Rodien, P, Mebarki, F, Mowszowicz, I, et al. Different phenotypes in a family with androgen insensitivity caused by the same M780I point mutation in the androgen receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(8):2994–2998.Google Scholar
39.Kennedy, WR, Alter, M, Sung, JH. Progressive proximal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset: a sex-linked recessive trait. Neurology 1968;18(7):671–680.Google Scholar
40.Harding, AE, Thomas, PK, Baraitser, M, et al. X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy: a report of ten cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982;45(11):1012–1019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz, I, Borkowska, J, Janczewski, Z. X-linked adult form of spinal muscular atrophy. J Neurol 1983;229(3):175–188.Google Scholar
42.Fischbeck, KH, Ionasescu, V, Ritter, AW, et al. Localization of the gene for X-linked spinal muscular atrophy. Neurology 1986;36(12):1595–1598.Google Scholar
43.Palazzolo, I, Gliozzi, A, Rusmini, P, et al. The role of the polyglutamine tract in androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008;108(3–5):245–253.Google Scholar
44.Garay, JP, Park, BH. Androgen receptor as a targeted therapy for breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2012;2(4):434–445.Google Scholar
45.Council on Drugs, Subcommittee on Breast and Genital Cancer, Committee on Research, A.M.A. Androgens and estrogens in the treatment of disseminated mammary carcinoma – Retrospective study of 944 patients. JAMA 1960;172(12):1271–1283.Google Scholar
46.Campagnoli, C, Pasanisi, P, Castellano, I, et al. Postmenopausal breast cancer, androgens, and aromatase inhibitors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013;139(1):1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
47.Edelstein, D, Basaria, S. Testosterone undecanoate in the treatment of male hypogonadism. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11(12):2095–2106.Google Scholar
48.Thevis, M, Schanzer, W. Synthetic anabolic agents: steroids and nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2010; 195:99–126.Google Scholar
49.Dalton, JT, Taylor, RP, Mohler, ML, Steiner, MS. Selective androgen receptor modulators for the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting associated with cancer. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2013;7(4):345–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×