[Hobbes, Bayle observes, had constructed an elegant theory of a society that was apparently secure against troubles. His mistake was to suppose that because order was an initial condition of justice it was a sufficient condition. For Hobbes's fear of sectarian diversity had led him to defend the very arguments advanced in Gallican France for revoking the toleration accorded to Huguenots. Bayle finds less to contest in Hobbes's treatment of monarchy and democracy in the ancient world. Polemicists who disputed the merits of these rival institutions would always be able to make a case for condemning their opponents' favoured system. In Remark (M), Bayle defends Hobbes against malicious pens which had alleged that the philosopher's materialist physics were incompatible with the piety of an ethical Christian.]