Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T11:26:44.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Factors Governing Differential Outcomes in the Global Economy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2021

Stephen Broadberry
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Kyoji Fukao
Affiliation:
Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

A’Hearn, B., Baten, J., and Crayen, D. (2009). ‘Quantifying Quantitative Literacy: Age Heaping and the History of Human Capital’, Journal of Economic History, 69(3), 783808.Google Scholar
Alesina, A., Baqir, R., and Easterly, W. (1999). ‘Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(4), 12431284.Google Scholar
Chaudhary, L. (2009). ‘Determinants of Primary Schooling in British India’, Journal of Economic History, 69(1), 269302.Google Scholar
de la Fuente, A. and Doménech, R. (2006). ‘Human Capital in Growth Regressions: How Much Difference does Data Quality Make?’, Journal of the European Economic Association, 4(1), 136.Google Scholar
Deaton, A. (2013). The Great Escape: Health, Wealth, and the Origins of Inequality, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Drèze, J. and Sen, A. (2013). An Uncertain Glory: India and its Contradictions, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Easterlin, R. A. (1981). ‘Why Isn’t the Whole World Developed?’, Journal of Economic History, 41(1), 117.Google Scholar
Easterlin, R. A. (1999). ‘How Beneficent Is the Market? A Look at the Modern History of Mortality’, European Review of Economic History, 3(3), 257294.Google Scholar
Engerman, S. L., Mariscal, E. V., and Sokoloff, K. L. (2009). ‘The Evolution of Schooling Institutions in the Americas, 1800–1925’, in Eltis, D., Lewis, F., and Sokoloff, K. (eds.), Human Capital and Institutions: A Long Run View, New York: Cambridge University Press, 93142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flynn, J. R. (2012). Are We Getting Smarter? Rising IQ in the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hanushek, E. A. and Woessmann, L. (2015). The Knowledge Capital of Nations, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, E. M. and Hill, M. A. (1997). ‘Women’s Education in Developing Countries: An Overview’, in King, E. M. and Hill, M. A. (eds.), Women’s Education in Developing Countries: Barriers, Benefits, and Policies, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 150.Google Scholar
Lee, J.-W. and Lee, H. (2016). ‘Human Capital in the Long Run’, Journal of Development Economics, 122, 147169.Google Scholar
Lindert, P. H. (2004). Growing Public: Social Spending and Economic Growth since the Eighteenth Century, 2 vols, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lindert, P. H. (2010). ‘The Unequal Lag in Latin American Schooling since 1900: Follow the Money’, Revista de Historia Económica, 28(2): 375405.Google Scholar
Lleras-Muney, A. (2005). ‘The Relationship between Education and Adult Mortality in the United States’, Review of Economic Studies, 72(1), 189221.Google Scholar
McKeown, T. (1976). The Modern Rise of Population, New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Miller, G. (2008). ‘Women’s Suffrage, Political Responsiveness, and Child Survival in American History’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(3), 12871327.Google Scholar
Montenegro, C. E. and Patrinos, H. A. (2014). ‘Comparable Estimates of Returns to Schooling Around the World’, policy research working paper 7020, Education Global Practice Group, World Bank.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pritchett, L. (1997). ‘Divergence, Big Time’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(3), 317.Google Scholar
Psacharopoulos, G. (2004). ‘The Returns to Investment in Higher Education: A Global Update’, World Development, 22: 13251343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Psacharopoulos, G. and Patrinos, H. A. (2004). ‘Returns to Investment in Education: A Further Update’, Education Economics, 12(2), 111134.Google Scholar
Riley, J. C. (2005). ‘Estimates of Regional and Global Life Expectancy, 1800–2001’, Population and Development Review, 31(3), 537543.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L., Baten, J., Mira d’Hercole, M., Rijpma, A., Smith, C., and Timmer, M. (eds.) (2014). How Was Life? Global Well-Being since 1820, Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Zaridze, D., Lewington, S., Boroda, A., Scélo, G., Karpov, R., Lazarev, A. et al. (2014). ‘Alcohol and Mortality in Russia: Prospective Observational Study of 151,000 Adults’, Lancet 383(9927), 14651473.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

References

Acemoglu, D. and Autor, D. (2011). ‘Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings’, in Ashenfelter, O. and Card, D. (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 4b, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 10441171.Google Scholar
Aghion, P., Akcigit, U., and Howitt, P. (2014). ‘What Do We Learn from Schumpeterian Growth Theory?’, in Aghion, P. and Durlauf, S. N. (eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth, Vol. 2, Amsterdam: North Holland, 515563.Google Scholar
Alesina, A. and Rodrik, D. (1994). ‘Distributive Politics and Economic Growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109, 465490.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2003). Farm to Factory: A Reinterpretation of the Soviet Industrial Revolution, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2012). ‘Technology and the Great Divergence: Global Economic Development since 1820’, Explorations in Economic History, 49, 116.Google Scholar
Altenburg, T., Schmitz, H., and Stamm, A. (2008). ‘Breakthrough? China’s and India’s Transition from Production to Innovation’, World Development, 36, 325344.Google Scholar
Austin, G. and Sugihara, K. (eds.) (2013). Labour-Intensive Industrialization in Global History, London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Autor, D. (2015). ‘Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29, 330.Google Scholar
Banerjee, R. and Roy, S. S. (2014). ‘Human Capital, Technological Progress and Trade: What Explains India’s Long-Run Growth?’, Journal of Asian Economics, 30, 1531.Google Scholar
Bardhan, P. (2012). Awakening Giants, Feet of Clay: Assessing the Economic Rise of China and India, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Bolt, J., Inklaar, R., de Jong, H., and van Zanden, J. L. (2018). ‘Rebasing “Maddison”: New Income Comparisons and the Shape of Long-Run Economic Development’, GGDC Research Memorandum, Vol. GD-174, Groningen Growth and Development Centre.Google Scholar
Bosworth, B. and Collins, S. M. (2008). ‘Accounting for Growth: Comparing China and India’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22, 4566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. (1997). The Productivity Race: British Manufacturing in International Perspective, 1850–1990, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N. and Crafts, N. F. R. (1992). ‘Britain’s Productivity Gap in the 1930s: Some Neglected Factors’, Journal of Economic History, 52, 531558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantwell, J. A. (1991). ‘Historical Trends in International Patterns of Technological Innovation’, in Foreman-Peck, J. (ed.), New Perspectives on the Late Victorian Economy, Cambridge University Press, 3772.Google Scholar
Card, T. and Lemieux, Th. (2001). ‘Can Falling Supply Explain the Rising Return to College for Younger Men? A Cohort-Based Analysis’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116, 705746.Google Scholar
Caselli, F. (2005). ‘Accounting for Cross-Country Income Differences’, in Aghion, P. and Durlauf, S. N. (eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth, Amsterdam: North Holland, 679741.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. (1990). Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Collins, S. M., Bosworth, P. P., and Rodrik, D. (1996). ‘Economic Growth in East Asia: Accumulation Versus Assimilation’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 135203.Google Scholar
Comin, D. and Mestieri, M. (2016). ‘If Technology Has Arrived Everywhere, Why Has Income Diverged?’, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 10, 137178.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. (2018). Forging Ahead, Falling Behind and Fighting Back: British Economic Growth from the Industrial Revolution to the Financial Crisis, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. and Toniolo, G. (eds.) (1996). Economic Growth in Europe since 1945, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, P. A. (1990). ‘The Dynamo and the Computer: An Historical Perspective on the Modern Productivity Paradox’, Economic History of Technology, 2, 355361.Google Scholar
Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R., and Timmer, M. P. (2015). ‘The Next Generation of the Penn World Table’, American Economic Review, 105, 31503182.Google Scholar
Felipe, J., Laviña, E., and Fan, E. X. (2008). ‘The Diverging Patterns of Profitability, Investment and Growth of China and India during 1980–2003’, World Development, 36, 741774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, A. (2011). A Great Leap Forward: 1930s Depression and US Economic Growth, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, C. (1987). Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan, London: Frances Pinter.Google Scholar
Gallardo Albarrán, D. (2018). Health, Well-Being and Inequality over the Long Run, University of Groningen.Google Scholar
Goldin, C. and Katz, L. F. (1997). ‘Why the United States Led in Education: Lessons from Secondary School Expansion’, NBER working paper 6144, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Gordon, R. J. (2016). The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The US Standard of Living since the Civil War, Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, L. (2008). ‘Logistics, Market Size, and Giant Plants in the Early Twentieth Century: A Global View’, Journal of Economic History, 68, 4678.Google Scholar
Hayashi, F. and Prescott, E. C. (2002). ‘The 1990s in Japan: A Lost Decade’, Review of Economic Dynamics, 5, 206235.Google Scholar
Hsieh, C. T. and Klenow, P. J. (2009). ‘Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124, 14031448.Google Scholar
Inklaar, R., de Jong, H., and Gouma, R. (2011). ‘Did Technology Shocks Drive the Great Depression? Explaining Cyclical Productivity Movements in US Manufacturing, 1919–1939’, Journal of Economic History, 71, 827858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuntz-Ficker, S. (2017). The First Export Era Revisited: Reassessing its Contribution to Latin American Economies, Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Lee, J. W. (2001). ‘Education for Technology Readiness: Prospects for Developing Countries’, Journal of Human Development, 2, 115151.Google Scholar
Lee, J. W. and Lee, H. (2016). ‘Human Capital in the Long Run’, Journal of Development Economics, 122: 147169.Google Scholar
Lewis, C. M. (2013). ‘“Colonial” Industry and “Modern” Manufacturing: Opportunities for Labour-Intensive Growth in Latin America, c.1800–1940’, in Austin, G. and Sugihara, K. (eds.), Labour-Intensive Industrialization in Global History, London: Routledge, 231262.Google Scholar
Lindert, P. H. and Williamson, J. G. (2016). Unequal Gains: American Growth and Inequality since 1700, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Maddison Project Database, version 2013. Bolt, J., and van Zanden, J. L. (2014). ‘The Maddison Project: Collaborative Research on Historical National Accounts’, Economic History Review, 67, 627651.Google Scholar
Mowery, D. C. and Oxley, J. E. (1995). ‘Inward Technology Transfer and Competitiveness: The Role of National Innovation Systems’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19, 6793.Google Scholar
Nelson, R. R. and Wright, G. (1992). ‘The Rise and Fall of American Technological Leadership: The Post-War Era in Historical Perspective’, Journal of Economic Literature, 30, 19311964.Google Scholar
Odagiri, H. and Goto, A. (1999). Technology and Industrial Development in Japan, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ristuccia, C. A. and Tooze, A. (2013). ‘Machine Tools Production and Mass Production in the Armaments Boom: Germany and the United States, 1929–44’, Economic History Review, 66, 953974.Google Scholar
Rodrik, D. (2008). One Economics, Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rodrik, D. (2016). ‘Premature Deindustrialization’, Journal of Economic Growth, 21, 133.Google Scholar
Saito, O. (2013). ‘Proto-Industrialization and Labour-Intensive Industrialization: Reflections on Smithian Growth and the Role of Skill Intensity’, in Austin, G. and Sugihara, K. (eds.), Labour-Intensive Industrialization in Global History, London: Routledge, 85106.Google Scholar
Sien, C. L. (ed.) (2003). Southeast Asia Transformed: A Geography of Change, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Stiglitz, J. E. (1996). ‘Some Lessons from the East Asian Miracle’, World Bank Research Observer, 11(2), 151177.Google Scholar
Timmer, M. P., Inklaar, R., O’Mahony, M., and van Ark, B. (2010). Economic Growth in Europe: A Comparative Industry Perspective, Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timmer, M. P., de Vries, G. J., and de Vries, K. (2015). ‘Patterns of Structural Change in Developing Countries’, in Weiss, J. and Tribe, M. (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Industry and Development, London: Routledge, 6583.Google Scholar
Timmer, M. P., Veenstra, J., and Woltjer, P. J. (2016). ‘The Yankees of Europe? A New View on Technology and Productivity in German Manufacturing in the Early Twentieth Century’, Journal of Economic History, 76, 874908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United States Department of Commerce. (various issues). Biennial Census of Manufactures, Washington, DC: Government Publishing Office.Google Scholar
Veenstra, J. and de Jong, H. (2016). ‘A Tale of Two Tails: Establishment Size and Labour Productivity in United States and German Manufacturing at the Start of the Twentieth Century’, Australian Economic History Review, 56, 198220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, H. X. (2016). ‘Sustainability of China’s Growth Model: A Productivity Perspective’, China & World Economy, 24(5), 4270.Google Scholar
Young, A. (1995). ‘The Tyranny of Numbers: Confronting the Statistical Realities of the East Asian Growth Experience’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, 641680.Google Scholar

References

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., and Robinson, J. A. (2001). ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation’, American Economic Review, 91(5), 13691401.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., and Robinson, J. A. (2002). ‘Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4), 12311294.Google Scholar
Ahlfeldt, G. M., Redding, S. J., Sturm, D. M., and Wolf, N. (2015). ‘The Economics of Density: Evidence from the Berlin Wall’, Econometrica, 83(6), 21272189.Google Scholar
Arvis, J. F., Mustra, M. A., Ojala, L., Shepherd, B., and Saslavsky, D. (2012). Connecting to Compete 2012: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Ashraf, Q. and Galor, O. (2011). ‘Dynamics and Stagnation in the Malthusian Epoch’, American Economic Review, 101(5), 20032041.Google Scholar
Baier, S. L. and Bergstrand, J. H. (2001). ‘The Growth of World Trade: Tariffs, Transport Costs, and Income Similarity’, Journal of International Economics, 53(1), 127.Google Scholar
Bairoch, P. (1988). Cities and Economic Development: From the Dawn of History to the Present (trans. Christopher Braider), University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. (2006). ‘Globalisation: The Great Unbundling(s)’, Economic Council of Finland, 20(3), 547.Google Scholar
Baldwin, R. (2016). The Great Convergence, Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Barro, R. and Sala-i-Martin, X. (1995). Technological Diffusion, Convergence and Growth, New Haven: Yale University, Economic Growth Center.Google Scholar
Bernhofen, D. M. and Brown, J. C. (2005). ‘An Empirical Assessment of the Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade: Evidence from Japan’, American Economic Review, 95(1), 208225.Google Scholar
Bernhofen, D. M., El-Sahli, Z., and Kneller, R. (2016). ‘Estimating the Effects of the Container Revolution on World Trade’, Journal of International Economics, 98, 3650.Google Scholar
Bogart, D. (2014). ‘The Transport Revolution in Industrialising Britain’, in Floud, R., Humphries, J., and Johnson, P. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, Vol. 1: 1700–1870, Cambridge University Press, 368391.Google Scholar
Bosker, M. and Burigh, E. (2017). ‘City Seeds: Geography and the Origins of the European City System’, Journal of Urban Economics 98(C), 139157.Google Scholar
Chandler, T. (1987). Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. Lewiston: St David’s University Press.Google Scholar
Ciccone, A. (2002). ‘Agglomeration Effects in Europe’, European Economic Review, 46(2), 213227.Google Scholar
Ciccone, A. and Hall, R. E. (1996). ‘Productivity and the Density of Economic Activity’, American Economic Review, 86(1), 5470.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. and Venables, A. (2003). ‘Globalization in History: A Geographical Perspective’, in Bordo, M. D., Taylor, A. M., and Williamson, J. G. (eds.), Globalization in Historical Perspective, University of Chicago Press, 323370.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. and Wolf, N. (2014). ‘The Location of the UK Cotton Textiles Industry in 1838: A Quantitative Analysis’, Journal of Economic History, 74(4), 11031139.Google Scholar
Cronon, W. (1992). Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West, New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Diamond, J. (1997). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Easterly, W. and Levine, R. (2003). ‘Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 50(1), 339.Google Scholar
Engerman, S. L. and Sokoloff, K. L. (1994). ‘Factor Endowments: Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth among New World Economies: A View from Economic Historians of the United States’, NBER historical working paper 0066, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Engerman, S. L. and Sokoloff, K. L. (2002). ‘Factor Endowments, Inequality, and Paths of Development among New World Economics’, NBER working paper 9259, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Fernihough, A. and O’Rourke, K. H. (forthcoming). ‘Coal and the European Industrial Revolution’, Economic Journal, available online early at: https://academic.oup.com/ej/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ej/ueaa117/5955447 (accessed 8 March 2021).Google Scholar
Fouquin, M. and Hugot, J. (2016). ‘Two Centuries of Bilateral Trade and Gravity Data: 1827–2014’, working paper 015129, Universidad Javeriana-Bogotá.Google Scholar
Gylfason, T., Herbertsson, T. T., and Zoega, G. (1999). ‘A Mixed Blessing: Natural Resources and Economic Growth’, Macroeconomic Dynamics, 3(2), 204225.Google Scholar
Haber, S. and Menaldo, V. (2011). ‘Do Natural Resources Fuel Authoritarianism? A Reappraisal of the Resource Curse’, American Political Science Review, 105(1), 126.Google Scholar
Harris, C. D. (1954). ‘The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the United States’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 44(4), 315348.Google Scholar
Helpman, E. and Krugman, P. R. (1985). Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Hornung, E. (2015). ‘Railroads and Growth in Prussia’, Journal of the European Economic Association, 13(4), 699736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummels, D. (2007). ‘Transportation Costs and International Trade in the Second Era of Globalization’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(3), 131154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacks, D. S. and Novy, D. (2018). ‘Market Potential and Global Growth over the Long Twentieth Century’, Journal of International Economics, 114, 221237.Google Scholar
Jacks, D. S., Meissner, C. M., and Novy, D. (2008). ‘Trade Costs, 1870–2000’, American Economic Review, 98(2), 529534.Google Scholar
Johnson, R. C. and Noguera, G. (2017). ‘A Portrait of Trade in Value-Added over Four Decades’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 99(5), 896911.Google Scholar
Jones, E. (1981). The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kopsidis, M. and Wolf, N. (2012). ‘Agricultural Productivity across Prussia during the Industrial Revolution: A Thünen Perspective’, Journal of Economic History, 72(3), 634670.Google Scholar
Krugman, P. R. (1991a). Geography and Trade, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Krugman, P. R. (1991b). ‘Increasing Returns and Economic Geography’, Journal of Political Economy, 99(3), 483499.Google Scholar
Leite, C. and Weidmann, J. (2002). ‘Does Mother Nature Corrupt? Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic Growth’, in Abed, G. T. and Gupta, S. (eds.), Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 159196.Google Scholar
McCarthy, D., Wolf, H., and Wu, Y. (2000). ‘The Growth Costs of Malaria’, NBER working paper 7541, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
MacKellar, L., Woergoetter, A., and Woerz, J. (2000). Economic Development Problems of Landlocked Countries, Vienna: Institute for Advanced Studies.Google Scholar
Malaney, P. and Sachs, J. (2002). ‘The Economic and Social Burden of Malaria’, Nature, 415(6872), 680685.Google Scholar
Matsuyama, K. (1992). ‘Agricultural Productivity, Comparative Advantage, and Economic Growth’, Journal of Economic Theory, 58(2), 317334.Google Scholar
Minami, R. (1965). Tetsudo to Denryoku [Railways and Electric Power, vol. 12 of Estimates of Long-Term Economic Statistics of Japan since 1868, ed. Okawa, K., Hinohara, M., and Umemura, M.], Tokyo: Toyo Keizai Shinposha.Google Scholar
Minami, R. (1976). ‘Insatsugyou ni okeru Douryoku to Gijutsu Kakushin’ [Motor and Technological Innovation in Printing Industry], Keizai Kenkyu, 27(1), 2835.Google Scholar
Modelski, G. (2003). World Cities: −3000 to 2000. Washington, DC: Faros 2000.Google Scholar
Neumann, B., Vafeidis, A. T., Zimmermann, J., and Nicholls, R. J. (2015). ‘Future Coastal Population Growth and Exposure to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Flooding: A Global Assessment’, PLOS ONE, 10(3), e0118571.Google Scholar
Nishikawa, S. and Koshihara, H. (1981). ‘1935 nen no Tounyu Sanshutsu Hyo’ [IO Table of year 1935], in Nakamura, T. (ed.), Senzen no Nihon Keizai [Japanese Economy before WWII], Tokyo: Yamakawa Shoten.Google Scholar
Okubo, T. (2008). ‘Shake Hands or Shake Apart? International Relationship of Japan with Global Blocs’, Économie internationale, 1(113), 3564.Google Scholar
Radelet, S. and Sachs, J. D. (1998). ‘Shipping Costs, Manufactured Exports, and Economic Growth’, presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Economics Association, Chicago, 3–5 January.Google Scholar
Ramankutty, N., Foley, J. A., Norman, J., and McSweeney, K. (2002). ‘The Global Distribution of Cultivable Lands: Current Patterns and Sensitivity to Possible Climate Change’, Global Ecology and Biogeography, 11(5), 377392.Google Scholar
Redding, S. (1999). ‘Dynamic Comparative Advantage and the Welfare Effects of Trade’, Oxford Economic Papers, 51(1), 1539.Google Scholar
Redding, S. J. and Sturm, D. M. (2008). ‘The Costs of Remoteness: Evidence from German Division and Reunification’, American Economic Review, 98(5), 17661797.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redding, S. and Venables, A. J. (2004). ‘Economic Geography and International Inequality’, Journal of International Economics, 62(1), 5382.Google Scholar
Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., and Trebbi, F. (2004). ‘Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development’, Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131165.Google Scholar
Rosés, J. R. and Wolf, N. (eds.) (2019). The Economic Development of Europe’s Regions: A Quantitative History since 1900, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rosés and Wolf database on regional GDP, v6. (2020). Available online at http://nikolauswolf.eu (accessed 29 September 2020).Google Scholar
Ross, M. L. (2001). ‘Does Oil Hinder Democracy?’, World Politics, 53(3), 325361.Google Scholar
Sachs, J. D. and Warner, A. M. (1995). ‘Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth’, NBER working paper 5398, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Sarr, M., Bulte, E., Meissner, C., and Swanson, T. (2011). ‘On the Looting of Nations’, Public Choice, 148(3–4), 353380.Google Scholar
Small, C. and Nicholls, R. J. (2003). ‘A Global Analysis of Human Settlement in Coastal Zones’, Journal of Coastal Research, 19, 584599.Google Scholar
Smith, B. (2015). ‘The Resource Curse Exorcised: Evidence from a Panel of Countries’, Journal of Development Economics, 116, 5773.Google Scholar
Solow, R. M. (1956). ‘A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 6594.Google Scholar
Statistics Bureau of Japan. (various years). Imperial Japan Statistical Yearbook. Tokyo: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.Google Scholar
Statistics Bureau of Japan(various years). Population Census. Tokyo: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.Google Scholar
Temin, P. (2002). ‘The Golden Age of European Growth Reconsidered’, European Review of Economic History, 6(1), 322.Google Scholar
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2016). United Nations Demographic Yearbook 2014. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
US Energy Information Administration. (2017). International Energy Outlook 2017. Washington, DC: US Energy Information Administration.Google Scholar
Yi, K. M. (2003). ‘Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of World Trade?’, Journal of Political Economy, 111(1), 52102.Google Scholar
Yuan, T, Settsu, T., Bassino, J.-P., and Fukao, K. (2009). ‘Senzen ki Nihon no Kennai Souseisan to Sangyou Kouzou’ [Prefectural GDP and Industrial Structure in Interwar Japan], Keizai Kenkyu, 60(2), 163189.Google Scholar

References

Acemoglu, D. and Robinson, J. R. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty, New York: Crown.Google Scholar
Alesina, A. and Giuliano, P. (2015). ‘Culture and Institutions’, Journal of Economic Literature, 53, 898944.Google Scholar
Alston, E., Alston, L. J., Mueller, B., and Nonnenmacher, T. N. (2018). Institutional and Organizational Analysis: Concepts and Applications, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Berkowitz, D., Pistor, K., and Richard, J.-F. (2003). ‘Economic Development, Legality, and the Transplant Effect’, European Economic Review, 47, 165195.Google Scholar
Besley, T. and Kudamatsu, M. (1998). ‘Making Autocracy Work’, in Helpman, E. (ed.), Institutions and Economic Performance, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 452510.Google Scholar
Blanchard, O., Froot, K., and Sachs, J. (1994). The Transition in Eastern Europe, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Carlin, W. and Mayer, C. (2003). ‘Finance, Investment, and Growth’, Journal of Financial Economics, 69, 191226.Google Scholar
Coquelin, C. (1864). ‘Capital’, in Coquelin, C. and Guillaumin, G.-U. (eds.), Dictionnaire d’Economie Politique, Vol. 1, Paris: Guillaumin, 273288.Google Scholar
Davis, C. M. (1999). ‘Russia: A Comparative Economic Systems Interpretation’, in Foreman-Peck, J. and Federico, G. (eds.), European Industrial Policy, Oxford University Press, 319397.Google Scholar
Djankov, S. and Hauck, O. (2016). ‘The Divergent Postcommunist Paths to Democracy and Economic Freedom’, Peterson Institute for International Economics working paper 16–10.Google Scholar
Fieldhouse, D. K. (1973). Economics and Empire, 1830–1914, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Fohlin, C. (2016). ‘Financial Systems’, in Diebolt, C. and Haupert, M. (eds.), Handbook of Cliometrics, Berlin: Springer, 393430.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. (1995). A History of the World Economy since 1850, New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 2nd ed.Google Scholar
Foreman-Peck, J. and Hannah, L. (2015). ‘The Diffusion and Impact of the Corporation in 1910’, Economic History Review, 68, 962984.Google Scholar
Forsyth, D. J. and Verdier, D. (eds.) (2003). The Origins of National Financial Systems: Alexander Gerschenkron Reconsidered, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man, London: Hamish Hamilton.Google Scholar
Fukuzawa, Y. (1948). The Autobiography (trans. E. Kiyooka), Tokyo: Hokuseido Press (original serialized in a Japanese newspaper, 1898–99).Google Scholar
Gancia, G. A., Ponzetto, G. A. M., and Ventura, J. (2016). ‘Globalization and Political Structure’, CEPR Discussion Paper 11159 (revision issued Sept. 2018), Centre for Economic Policy Research.Google Scholar
Gerschenkron, A. (1962). Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gregory, P. R. and Stuart, R. C. (1995). Comparative Economic Systems, 5th ed., Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Haber, S., North, D. C., and Weingast, B. R. (2008). Political Institutions and Financial Development, Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hannah, L. (2014). ‘Corporations in the US and Europe 1790–1860’, Business History, 56, 865899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannah, L. (2015). ‘A Global Corporate Census: Publicly Traded and Close Companies in 1910’, Economic History Review, 68, 548573.Google Scholar
Hannah, L. and Kasuya, M. (2016). ‘Twentieth-Century Enterprise Forms: Japan in Comparative Perspective’, Enterprise and Society, 17, 80115.Google Scholar
Harrison, M. (2014). ‘Communism and Economic Modernization’, in Smith, S. A. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism, Oxford University Press, 387406.Google Scholar
Irigoin, A. (2016). ‘Representation without Taxation, Taxation without Consent: The Legacy of Spanish Colonialism in America’, Revista de Historia Económica, 34, 169208.Google Scholar
Joshi, V. (2017). India’s Long Road: The Search for Prosperity, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kuran, T. (2011). The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Lamoreaux, N. R. and Wallis, J. J. (eds.) (2017). Organizations, Civil Society, and the Roots of Development, Chicago: National Bureau of Economic Research/University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lardy, N. R. (1975). ‘Economic Planning in the People’s Republic of China: Central-Provincial Fiscal Relations’, in US Congress, Joint Economic Committee, China: A Reassessment of the Economy, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 94115.Google Scholar
Levine, R. (1997). ‘Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda’, Journal of Economic Literature, 35, 688726.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. (2001). The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Google Scholar
Marshall, M. G., Gurr, T. R., and Jaggers, K. (2017). Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2017: Dataset Users’ Manual, Vienna, VA: Center for Systemic Peace.Google Scholar
Marx, K. (1867). Das Kapital, Hamburg: Meissner.Google Scholar
Mill, J. S. (1861). Considerations on Representative Government, London: Parker, Son and Bourn.Google Scholar
Mulhall, M. G. (1881). Balance Sheet of the World for Ten Years, 1870–1880, London: Stanford.Google Scholar
North, D. C. and Thomas, R. P. (1973). The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
North, D. C., Wallis, J. J., and Weingast, B. R. (2009). Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Prados de la Escosura, L. (2015). ‘World Human Development: 1870–2007’, Review of Income and Wealth, 61, 220247.Google Scholar
Prados de la Escosura, L. (2016). ‘Economic Freedom in the Long Run: Evidence from OECD Countries (1850–2007)’, Economic History Review, 69, 435468.Google Scholar
Pryor, F. L. (1973). Property and Industrial Organization in Communist and Capitalist Nations, Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Rajan, R. G. and Zingales, L. (2003). ‘The Great Reversals: The Politics of Financial Development in the Twentieth Century’, Journal of Financial Economics, 69, 550.Google Scholar
Rodrik, D. (1997). Has Globalization Gone Too Far?, Washington, DC: Institute of International Economics.Google Scholar
Roser, M. (2018). ‘Democracy’, published online at OurWorldInData.org, retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/democracy (accessed 29 September 2020).Google Scholar
Roy, T. (2018). A Business History of India, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Stiglitz, J. E. (2003). Globalization and its Discontents, London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, B. R. (2013). The Economy of Modern India from 1860 to the Twenty-First Century, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Treisman, D. (2017). ‘Democracy by Mistake’, NBER working paper 23944, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Weber, M. (1930). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (trans. T. Parsons), London: Allen & Unwin (originally published in German, 1904).Google Scholar
Williamson, O. (1981). ‘The Modern Corporation: Origins, Evolution, Attributes’, Journal of Economic Literature, 19, 15371568.Google Scholar
Woytinsky, W. S. and Woytinsky, E. S. (1955). World Commerce and Governments, New York: Twentieth Century Fund.Google Scholar

References

Allen, R. C. (2001). ‘The Great Divergence in European Wages and Prices from the Middle Ages to the First World War’, Explorations in Economic History, 38(4), 411447.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2007). ‘India in the Great Divergence’, in Hatton, T. J., O’Rourke, K. O., and Taylor, A. M. (eds.), The New Comparative Economic History: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey G. Williamson, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 932.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2013). ‘Poverty Lines in History, Theory, and Current International Practice’, Discussion Paper 685, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2014). ‘American Exceptionalism as a Problem in Global History’, Journal of Economic History, 74(2), 309350.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C., Bassino, J.-P., Ma, D., Moll-Murata, C., and van Zanden, J. L. (2011). ‘Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in China, 1739–1925: In Comparison with Europe, Japan, and India’, Economic History Review, 64(S1), 838.Google Scholar
Alvaredo, F., Atkinson, A. B., Piketty, T., and Saez, E. (2013). ‘The Top 1 Percent in International and Historical Perspective’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(3), 320.Google Scholar
Anand, S. and Sen, A. K. (2000). ‘The Income Component of the Human Development Index’, Journal of Human Development, 1, 83106.Google Scholar
Astorga, P. (2017). ‘Real Wages and Skill Premiums in Latin America, 1900–2011’, Revista de Historia Económica/Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 35(3), 319353.Google Scholar
Atkinson, A. B., Piketty, T., and Saez, E. (2011). ‘Top Incomes in the Long Run of History’, Journal of Economic Literature, 49(1), 371.Google Scholar
Bank of Japan. (1966). Meiji ikō honpō chuyō keizai tōkei, Tokyo: Bank of Japan.Google Scholar
Barro, R. J. and Ursúa, J. F. (2008). ‘Macroeconomic Crises since 1870’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, spring, 255335.Google Scholar
Caruana-Galizia, P. (2015). ‘Strategic Colonies and Economic Development: Real Wage in Cyprus, Gibraltar, and Malta, 1836–1913’, Economic History Review, 68(4), 12501276.Google Scholar
Cha, M. S. (2014). Kiawa kijŏgŭi kiwŏn, Seoul: Haenam.Google Scholar
Cha, M. S. (2015). ‘Unskilled Wage Gaps within the Japanese Empire’, Economic History Review, 68(1), 2347.Google Scholar
Challú, A. and Gómez-Galvarriato, A. (2015). ‘Mexico’s Real Wages in the Age of the Great Divergence, 1730–1930’, Revista de Historia Económica/Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 33(1), 83122.Google Scholar
Chenery, H. B. and Syrquin, M. (1975). Patterns of Development, 1950–1970, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Conference Board. (2018). ‘Total Economy Database, Output, Labor and Labor Productivity, 1950–2018’, www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/index.cfm?id=27762 (accessed 29 September 2020).Google Scholar
Cutler, D., Deaton, A., and Lleras-Muney, A. (2006). ‘The Determinants of Mortality’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 97120.Google Scholar
Cvrcek, T. (2013). ‘Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in the Habsburg Empire, 1827–1910’, Journal of Economic History, 73(1), 137.Google Scholar
Deaton, A. (2013). The Great Escape: Health, Wealth and the Origins of Inequality, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
de Zwart, P. (2011). ‘South African Living Standards in Global Perspective, 1835–1910’, Economic History of Developing Regions, 26(1), 4974.Google Scholar
Easterlin, R. A. (1999). ‘How Beneficent is the Market? A Look at the Modern History of Mortality’, European Review of Economic History, 3, 257294.Google Scholar
Eggleston, K. N. and Fuchs, V. (2012). ‘The New Demographic Transition: Most Gains in Life Expectancy Now Realized Late in Life’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(1), 137156.Google Scholar
Frankema, E. and van Waijenburg, M. (2012). ‘Structural Impediments to African Growth? New Evidence from Real Wages in British Africa, 1880–1965’, Journal of Economic History, 72(4), 895926.Google Scholar
Fukao, K., Ma, D., and Yuan, T. (2006). ‘International Comparison in Historical Perspective: Reconstructing the 1934–1936 Benchmark Purchasing Power Parity for Japan, Korea, and Taiwan’, Explorations in Economic History, 43, 280308.Google Scholar
Goldin, C. and Katz, L. F. (2008). The Race between Education and Technology, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gordon, R. J. (2016). The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The US Standard of Living since the Civil War, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Heldring, L. and Robinson, J. A. (2012). ‘Colonialism and Economic Development in Africa’, NBER working paper 18566, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Huberman, M. and Minns, C. (2007). ‘The Times They Are Not Changin’: Days and Hours of Work in Old and New Worlds, 1870–2000’, Explorations in Economic History, 44(4), 538–537.Google Scholar
Japan Statistical Association. (1987/1988). Nippon chōki tōkei sōran, Tokyo: Japan Statistical Association.Google Scholar
Jayachandran, S., Lleras-Muney, A., and Smith, K. V. (2010). ‘Modern Medicine and the Twentieth-Century Decline in Mortality: Evidence on the Impact of Sulfa Drugs’, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(1), 118146.Google Scholar
Juif, D. and Frankema, E. (2018). ‘From Coercion to Compensation: Institutional Responses to Labour Scarcity in the Central African Copperbelt’, Journal of Institutional Economics, 14(2), 313343.Google Scholar
Kaplan, S. N. and Rauh, J. (2013). ‘It’s the Market: The Broad-Based Rise in the Return to Top Talent’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(3), 3556.Google Scholar
Kuznets, S. (1953). Shares of Upper Income Groups in Income and Savings, Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Kuznets, S. (1955). ‘Economic Growth and Income Inequality’, American Economic Review, 45(1), 128.Google Scholar
Lakner, C. and Milanovic, B. (2016). ‘Global Income Distribution: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession’, World Bank Economic Review, 30(2), 203232.Google Scholar
Lindert, P. H. (2004). Growing Public: Social Spending and Economic Growth since the Eighteenth Century, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. (2006). The World Economy, Paris: OECD Development Centre.Google Scholar
Maddison Project Database, 2013 version. Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J. L. (2014). ‘The Maddison Project: Collaborative Research on Historical National Accounts’, Economic History Review, 67, 627651.Google Scholar
Makino, F. and Minami, R. (2015). Chūgoku, Tokyo: Toyokiezaishimposha.Google Scholar
Mathers, C. D., Sadana, R., Salomon, J. A., Murray, C. J. L., and Lopez, A. D. (2001). ‘Healthy Life Expectancy in 191 Countries’, Lancet, 357, 16851691.Google Scholar
Milanovic, B. (2011). ‘A Short History of Global Inequality: The Past Two Centuries’, Explorations in Economic History, 48(4), 494506.Google Scholar
Milanovic, B. (2016). Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Mizoguchi, T. (2008). Taiwan, Tokyo: Toyokiezaishimposha.Google Scholar
OECD. (2019). Income Distribution Database, available online at https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=IDD (accessed 15 February 2019).Google Scholar
Ohkawa, K. (1967). Bukka, Chōki keizai tōkei, Vol. 8, Tokyo: Toyokeizaishimposha.Google Scholar
Özmucur, S. and Pamuk, S. (2002). ‘Real Wages and Standards of Living in the Ottoman Empire, 1489–1914’, Journal of Economic History, 62(2), 293321.Google Scholar
Prados de la Escosura, L. (2000). ‘International Comparisons of Real Product, 1820–1990: An Alternative Data Set’, Explorations in Economic History, 37(1), 141.Google Scholar
Prados de la Escosura, L. (2007). ‘European Patterns of Development in Historical Perspective’, Scandinavian Economic History Review, 55(3), 187221.Google Scholar
Prados de la Escosura, L. (2008). ‘Inequality, Poverty, and the Kuznets Curve in Spain, 1850–2000’, European Review of Economic History, 12(3), 287324.Google Scholar
Prados de la Escosura, L. (2015). ‘World Human Development: 1870–2007’, Review of Income and Wealth, 61(2), 220247.Google Scholar
Prados de la Escosura, L. (2018). ‘Well-Being Inequality in the Long Run’, CEPR Discussion Paper 12920, Centre for Economic Policy Research.Google Scholar
Preston, S. H. (1975). ‘Mortality and Level of Development’, Population Studies, 29, 231248.Google Scholar
Ravallion, M. (2018). ‘Inequality and Globalization: A Review Essay’, Journal of Economic Literature, 56(2), 620642.Google Scholar
Riley, J. C. (2005). Poverty and Life Expectancy: The Jamaica Paradox, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2010). Human Development Report, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L., Baten, J., Foldvári, P., and van Leeuwen, B. (2014). ‘The Changing Shape of Global Inequality, 1820–2000: Exploring a New Dataset’, Review of Income and Wealth, 60(2), 279297.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. G. (1995). ‘The Evolution of Global Labor Markets Since 1830: Background Evidence and Hypotheses’, Explorations in Economic History, 32(2), 141196.Google Scholar

References

Abramitzky, R. and Boustan, L. (2017). ‘Immigration in American History’, Journal of Economic Literature, 55(4), 13111345.Google Scholar
Ager, P. and Hansen, C. W. (2017). ‘Closing Heaven’s Door: Evidence from the 1920s US Immigration Quota Acts’, available online at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3059439 (accessed 29 September 2020), SSRN.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. E. and van Wincoop, E. (2003). ‘Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle’, American Economic Review, 93(1), 170192.Google Scholar
Bandiera, O., Rasul, I., and Viarengo, M. (2013). ‘The Making of Modern America: Migratory Flows in the Age of Mass Migration’, Journal of Development Economics, 102(1), 2347.Google Scholar
DEMIG. (2015). DEMIG TOTAL, version 1.5, International Migration Institute, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Dumont, J.-C., Spielvogel, G., and Widmaier, S. (2010). ‘International Migrants in Developed, Emerging and Developing Countries: An Extended Profile’, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 114, Paris: OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Feenstra, R. (1998). ‘Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(4), 3150.Google Scholar
Ferenczi, I. and Willcox, W. F. (1929). International Migrations, Vol. I: Statistics, New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Findlay, R. and O’Rourke, K. (2007). Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Francois, J. and Hoekman, B. (2010). ‘Services and Trade Policy’, Journal of Economic Literature, 48(3), 642692.Google Scholar
Grubel, H. G. and Lloyd, P. J. (1975). Intra-Industry Trade: The Theory and Measurement of International Trade in Differentiated Products, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hatton, T. and Williamson, J. G. (1998). The Age of Mass Migration, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hummels, D., Ishii, J., and Yi, K.-M. (2001). ‘The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade’, Journal of International Trade, 54(1), 7596.Google Scholar
Jacks, D. (2005). ‘Immigrant Stocks and Trade Flows, 1870–1913’, Journal of European Economic History, 34(3), 625649.Google Scholar
Jacks, D. (2013). ‘From Boom to Bust: A Typology of Real Commodity Prices in the Long Run’, NBER working paper 18874, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Jacks, D. and Novy, D. (2018). ‘Market Potential and Global Growth over the Long Twentieth Century’, Journal of International Economics, 114, 221237.Google Scholar
Jacks, D., Meissner, C. M., and Novy, D. (2011). ‘Trade Booms, Trade Busts, and Trade Costs’, Journal of International Economics, 83(2), 185201.Google Scholar
Johnson, R. C. and Noguera, G. (2017). ‘A Portrait of Trade in Value Added over Four Decades’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 99(5), 896911.Google Scholar
Kohli, U. (1999). ‘Trade and Migration: A Production-Theory Approach’, in Faini, R., de Melo, J., and Zimmermann, K. (eds.), Migration: The Controversies and the Evidence, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
League of Nations. (1945). Industrialization and Foreign Trade, Geneva: League of Nations.Google Scholar
Lewis, L. T., Monarch, R., Sposi, M. J., and Zhang, J. (2018). ‘Structural Change and Global Trade’, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute working paper 333.Google Scholar
Lewis, W. A. (1952). ‘World Production, Prices and Trade, 1870–1960’, Manchester School, 20(2), 105138.Google Scholar
Loungani, P., Mishra, S., Papageorgiou, C., and Wang, K. (2017). ‘World Trade in Services: Evidence from A New Dataset’, IMF working paper 17/77, International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
McKeown, A. (2004). ‘Global Migration, 1846–1970’, Journal of World History, 15(2), 155189.Google Scholar
Maddison Project Database, 2013 version. Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J. L. (2014). ‘The Maddison Project: Collaborative Research on Historical National Accounts’, Economic History Review, 67(3), 627651.Google Scholar
Madsen, J. B. and Andric, S. (2017). ‘The Immigration–Unemployment Nexus: Do Education and Protestantism Matter?’, Oxford Economic Papers, 69(1), 165188.Google Scholar
Magee, G. and Thompson, A. (2010). Empire and Globalisation: Networks of People, Goods and Capital in the British World, c.1850–1914, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Markusen, J. (1983). ‘Factor Movements and Commodity Trade as Complements’, Journal of International Economics, 14(3–4), 341356.Google Scholar
Meissner, C. M. and Tang, J. (2018). ‘Upstart Industrialization and Exports: Evidence from Japan 1880–1910’, Journal of Economic History, 78(4), 10681102.Google Scholar
Moses, A. (2012). ‘Emigration and Political Development: Exploring the National and International Nexus’, Migration and Development, 1(1), 123137.Google Scholar
Mundell, R. (1957). ‘International Trade and Factor Mobility’, American Economic Review, 47(3), 321335.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. and Williamson, J. (1999). Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Ozden, C., Parsons, C., Schiff, M., and Walmsley, T. (2011). ‘Where on Earth is Everybody? The Evolution of Global Bilateral Migration 1960–2000’, World Bank Economic Review, 25(1), 1256.Google Scholar
Parsons, C. and Vézina, P.-L. (2016). ‘Migrant Networks and Trade: The Vietnamese Boat People as a Natural Experiment’, IZA Discussion Paper 10112, Institute of Labor Economics.Google Scholar
United Nations. (1962). International Trade Statistics 1900–1960, New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations Statistical Division. (2003). United Nations Commodity Statistics Trade Database (UN COMTRADE), New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
Venables, A. (1999). ‘Trade Liberalisation and Factor Mobility: An Overview’, in Faini, R., de Melo, J., and Zimmermann, K. (eds.), Migration: The Controversies and the Evidence, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
World Trade Organization. (2010). International Trade Statistics 2010, Geneva: World Trade Organization.Google Scholar
Yi, K.-M. (2003). ‘Can Vertical Specialization Explain the Growth of World Trade’, Journal of Political Economy, 111(1), 52102.Google Scholar

References

Aizenman, J., Chinn, M., and Ito, H. (2013). ‘The “Impossible Trinity” Hypothesis in an Era of Global Imbalances: Measurement and Testing’, Review of International Economics, 21, 447458.Google Scholar
Alfaro, L., Chanda, A., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., and Sayek, S. (2004). ‘FDI and Economic Growth: The Role of Local Financial Markets’, Journal of International Economics, 64(1), 89112.Google Scholar
Bekaert, G. and Mehl, A. (2017). ‘On the Global Financial Market Integration “Swoosh” and the Trilemma’, NBER working paper 23124, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Berdiev, A., Kim, Y., and Chang, C.-P. (2012). ‘The Political Economy of Exchange Rate Regimes in Developed and Developing Countries’, European Journal of Political Economy, 28, 3853.Google Scholar
Bernanke, B. (2005). ‘The Global Saving Glut and the US Current Account Deficit’, remarks at the Sandridge Lecture, Virginia Association of Economists, Richmond, VA.Google Scholar
Blanchard, O., Adler, G., and de Carvalho, I. (2015). ‘Can Foreign Exchange Intervention Stem Exchange Rate Pressures from Global Capital Flow Shocks’, NBER working paper 21427, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Bordo, M. and Flandreau, M. (2003). ‘Core, Periphery, Exchange Rate Regimes, and Globalization’, in Bordo, M., Taylor, A., and Williamson, J. (eds.), Globalization in Historical Perspective, University of Chicago Press, 417472.Google Scholar
Bordo, M., Eichengreen, B. and Irwin, D. A. (1999). ‘Is Globalization Today Really Different than Globalization a Hundred Years Ago?’, in Collins, S. and Lawrence, R. (eds.), Brookings Trade Policy Forum, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Bordo, M., Eichengreen, B., Klingebiel, D., Martinez-Peria, M. S., and Rose, A. (2001). ‘Is the Crisis Problem Growing More Severe?’, Economic Policy, 16(32), 5182.Google Scholar
Bordo, M., Cavallo, A., and Meissner, C. (2010). ‘Sudden Stops: Determinants and Output Effects in the First Era of Globalization, 1880–1913’, Journal of Development Economics, 91(2), 227241.Google Scholar
Cain, P. and Hopkins, A. (1980). ‘The Political Economy of British Expansion Overseas, 1750–1914’, Economic History Review, 33(4), 463490.Google Scholar
Cairncross, A. (1953). Home and Foreign Investment, 1870–1913: Studies in Capital Accumulation, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Calvo, G. and Reinhart, C. (2002). ‘Fear of Floating’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 379408.Google Scholar
Cavallo, E., Pedemonte, M., Powell, A., and Tavella, P. (2015). ‘A New Taxonomy of Sudden Stops: Which Sudden Stops Should Countries Be Most Concerned About?’, Journal of International Money and Banking, 51, 4770.Google Scholar
Clemens, M. and Williamson, J. (2004). ‘Wealth Bias in the First Global Capital Market Boom, 1870–1913’, Economic Journal, 114, 303337.Google Scholar
De Cecco, M. (1974). Money and Empire: The International Gold Standard, 1890–1914, Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Della Paolera, G. and Taylor, A. (eds.) (2003). A New Economic History of Argentina, New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Desai, M., Fritz Foley, C., and Hines, J. R. (2004). ‘A Multinational Perspective on Capital Structure Choice and Internal Capital Markets’, Journal of Finance, 59(6), 24512487.Google Scholar
Edelstein, M. (1982). Overseas Investment in the Age of High Imperialism: The United Kingdom, 1850–1914, New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, B. (1996). Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, B. (2003). Capital Flows and Crises, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, B. (2011). Exorbitant Privilege: The Rise and Fall of the Dollar, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Esteves, R. (2007). ‘Between Imperialism and Capitalism. European Capital Exports before 1914’, mimeo.Google Scholar
Eugeni, S. (2016). ‘Global Imbalances in the XIX, XX and the XXI Centuries’, Economics Letters, 14, 6972.Google Scholar
Feis, H. (1930). Europe, the World’s Banker, 1870–1914, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Feldstein, M. and Horioka, C. (1980). ‘Domestic Saving and International Capital Flows’, Economic Journal, 90, 314329.Google Scholar
Fishlow, A. (1985). ‘Lessons from the Past: Capital Markets During the Nineteenth Century and the Interwar Period’, International Organization, 39, 3893.Google Scholar
Forbes, K. and Warnock, F. (2012). ‘Capital Flow Waves, Surges, Stops, Flight and Retrenchment’, Journal of International Economics, 88, 235251.Google Scholar
Ford, A. G. (1962). The Gold Standard, 1880–1914: Britain and Argentina, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Ghosh, A., Ostry, J., and Qureshi, M. (2014). ‘Exchange Rate Management and Crisis Susceptibility: A Reassessment’, IMF working paper 14/11, International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. (2012). ‘The Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows: An Institutional View’, International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund(2014). ‘How Do Changes in the Investor Base and Financial Deepening Affect Emerging Market Economies?’, in Global Financial Stability Report, April 2014, ch. 2, International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Irwin, D. (2011). Trade Policy Disaster: Lessons from the 1930s, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Jalil, A. (2015). ‘A New History of Banking Panics in the United States, 1825–1929: Construction and Implications’, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 7, 295330.Google Scholar
Jones, M. and Obstfeld, M. (2001). ‘Saving, Investment, and Gold: A Reassessment of Historical Current Account Data’, in Calvo, G., Dornbusch, R., and Obstfeld, M. (eds.), Money, Capital Mobility, and Trade: Essays in Honor of Robert Mundell, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 303363.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. M. (1913). Indian Currency and Finance, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Keynes, J. M. (1919). The Economic Consequences of the Peace, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, C. (1973). The World in Depression, 1929–1939, Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, C. (1978). Manias, Panics and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises, New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Leblang, D. (1999). ‘Political Institutions and Exchange Rate Commitments in the Developing World’, International Studies Quarterly, 43, 599620.Google Scholar
Lucas, R. (1990). ‘Why Doesn’t Capital Flow from Rich to Poor Countries?’, American Economic Review, 80(2), 9296.Google Scholar
Marshall, M., Gurr, T., and Jaggers, K. (2016). Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2015, Vienna, VA: Center for Systemic Peace.Google Scholar
Mauro, P., Sussman, N., and Yafeh, Y. (2002). ‘Emerging Market Spreads: Then Versus Now’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(2), 695733.Google Scholar
Nurkse, R. (1944). International Currency Experience, Geneva: League of Nations.Google Scholar
Obstfeld, M. and Taylor, A. (2004). Global Capital Markets: Integration, Crisis, and Growth, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Obstfeld, M., Shambaugh, J., and Taylor, A. (2004). ‘Monetary Sovereignty, Exchange Rates, and Capital Controls: The Trilemma in the Interwar Period’, IMF Staff Papers, 51, 75108.Google Scholar
Obstfeld, M., Shambaugh, J., and Taylor, A. (2005). ‘The Trilemma in History: Tradeoffs among Exchange Rates, Monetary Policies, and Capital Mobility’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(3), 423438.Google Scholar
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2008). OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment, 4th ed., Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Quinn, D. (2003). ‘Capital Account Liberalization and Financial Globalization, 1890–1999: A Synoptic View’, International Journal of Finance and Economics, 8, 189204.Google Scholar
Quinn, D. and Voth, H.-J. (2008). ‘A Century of Global Equity Market Correlations’, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 98, 535540.Google Scholar
Reinhart, C. and Rogoff, K. (2009). This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rey, H. (2015). ‘Dilemma not Trilemma: The Global Financial Cycle and Monetary Policy Independence’, NBER working paper 21162, National Bureau of Economic Research.Google Scholar
Schularick, M. and Steger, T. (2010). ‘Financial Integration, Investment, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Two Eras of Financial Globalization’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(4), 756768.Google Scholar
Sprague, O. (1910). History of Crises under the National Banking System, Washington, DC: National Monetary Commission.Google Scholar
Stone, I. (1999).The Global Export of Capital from Great Britain, 1865–1914: A Statistical Survey, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Temin, P. (1987). ‘Capital Exports, 1870–1914: An Alternative Model’, Economic History Review, 40(3), 453458.Google Scholar
White, H. (1933). The French International Accounts, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Wilkins, M. (ed.) (1991). The Growth of Multinationals, Aldershot: Elgar.Google Scholar
Woodruff, W. (1966). Impact of Western Man: A Study of Europe’s Role in the World Economy 1750–1960, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar

References

Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J. (2003). ‘The Economic Costs of Conflict: A Case Study of the Basque Country’, American Economic Review, 93, 113132.Google Scholar
Accominotti, O., Flandreau, M., and Rezzik, R. (2011). ‘The Spread of Empire: Clio and the Measurement of Colonial Borrowing Costs’, Economic History Review, 64, 385407.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., and Robinson, J. A. (2001). ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation’, American Economic Review, 91, 13691401.Google Scholar
Achebe, C. (2012). There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra, London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Akyeampong, E. (2018). ‘African Socialism; or, the Search for an Indigenous Model of Economic Development?’, Economic History of Developing Regions, 33, 6987.Google Scholar
Alden, C. (2007). China in Africa, London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Alesina, A. and Dollar, D. (2000). ‘Who Gives Foreign Aid to Whom and Why?’, Journal of Economic Growth, 5, 3363.Google Scholar
Alesina, A. and La Ferrara, E. (2005). ‘Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance’, Journal of Economic Literature, XLIII, 762800.Google Scholar
Alexopoulou, K. (2018). ‘An Anatomy of Colonial States and Fiscal Regimes in Portuguese Africa: Long-Term Transformations in Angola and Mozambique, 1850–1970’, PhD thesis, Wageningen University.Google Scholar
Austin, G. (1988). ‘Capitalists and Chiefs in the Cocoa Hold-Ups in South Asante, 1927–1938’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 21, 6395.Google Scholar
Austin, G. (2008). ‘The “Reversal of Fortune” Thesis and the Compression of History: Perspectives from African and Comparative Economic History’, Journal of International Development, 20, 9961027.Google Scholar
Banerjee, A. and Iyer, L. (2005). ‘History, Institutions and Economic Performance: The Legacy of Colonial Land Tenure Systems in India’, American Economic Review, 95, 11901213.Google Scholar
Bayly, C. A. (2008). ‘Indigenous and Colonial Origins of Comparative Economic Development: The Case of Colonial India and Africa’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4474.Google Scholar
Blum, M., Eloranta, J., and Osinsky, P. (2014). ‘Organization of War Economies’, in Daniel, U., Gatrell, P., Janz, O., Jones, H., Keene, J., Kramer, A., and Nasson, B. (eds.), 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, Free University of Berlin, available online at https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/organization_of_war_economies (accessed 29 September 2020).Google Scholar
Bolt, J. and Gardner, L. (2020). ‘How Africans Shaped British Colonial Institutions: Evidence from Local Taxation’, Journal of Economic History, 80, 11891223.Google Scholar
Booth, A. (2007). ‘Night Watchman, Extractive, or Developmental States? Some Evidence from Late Colonial South-East Asia’, Economic History Review, 60, 241266.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. and Gardner, L. A. (2016). ‘Economic Development in Africa and Europe: Reciprocal Comparisons’, Revista de Historia Económica, 34: 1137.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. and Harrison, M. (2005). ‘The Economics of World War I: An Overview’, in Broadberry, S. and Harrison, M. (eds.), The Economics of World War I, Cambridge University Press, 340.Google Scholar
Carmody, P. (2017). ‘The Geopolitics and Economics of BRICS’ Resource and Market Access in Southern Africa: Aiding Development or Creating Dependency?’, Journal of Southern African Studies, 43, 863877.Google Scholar
Chavez, I., Engerman, S. L., and Robinson, J. A. (2014). ‘Reinventing the Wheel: The Economic Benefits of Wheeled Transportation in Early Colonial British West Africa’, in Akyeampong, E., Bates, R. H., Nunn, N., and Robinson, J. (eds.), Africa’s Development in Historical Perspective, Cambridge University Press, 321365.Google Scholar
Clapham, C. (1996). Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, P. and Hoeffler, A. (2004). ‘Greed and Grievance in Civil War’, Oxford Economic Papers, 56, 563595.Google Scholar
Crisher, B. B. and Souva, M. (2014). ‘Power at Sea: A Naval Power Dataset, 1865–2011’, International Interactions, 40(4), 602629.Google Scholar
Davis, L. E. and Huttenback, R. A. (1986). Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire: The Political Economy of British Imperialism, 1860–1912, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
de Vries, J. (2010). ‘The Limits of Globalization in the Early Modern World’, Economic History Review, 63(3), 710733.Google Scholar
Donaldson, D. (2018). ‘Railroads of the Raj: Estimating the Impact of Transportation Infrastructure’, American Economic Review, 108, 899934.Google Scholar
Easterly, W. and Levine, R. (2016). ‘The European Origins of Economic Development’, Journal of Economic Growth, 21, 225257.Google Scholar
Eloranta, J. (2003). ‘National Defense’, in Mokyr, J. (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History, Vol. 4, Oxford University Press, 3033.Google Scholar
Eloranta, J. (2005). ‘Military Spending Patterns in History’, in Whaples, R. (ed.), EH.Net Encyclopedia, available online at http://eh.net/encyclopedia/military-spending-patterns-in-history/ (accessed 29 September 2020).Google Scholar
Eloranta, J. (2007). ‘From the Great Illusion to the Great War: Military Spending Behaviour of the Great Powers, 1870–1913’, European Review of Economic History, 11, 255283.Google Scholar
Eloranta, J. (2017). ‘Review of How States Pay for Wars by Rosella Cappella Zielinski’, Journal of Military History, 81, 11761178.Google Scholar
Eloranta, J., Andreev, S., and Osinsky, P. (2014). ‘Democratization and Central Government Spending, 1870–1938: Emergence of the Leviathan?’, in Hanes, C. and Wolcott, S. (eds.), Research in Economic History, Emerald Publishing, 146.Google Scholar
Federico, G. and Tena Junguito, A. (2016). ‘World Trade, 1800–1938: A New Data-Set’, EHES Working Paper 93, available online at https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/handle/10016/26605 (accessed 29 September 2020), European Historical Economics Society.Google Scholar
Ferguson, N. (2002). The Cash Nexus: Money and Power in the Modern World, 1700–2000, London: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Ferguson, N. and Schularick, M. (2006). ‘The Empire Effect: The Determinants of Country Risk in the First Age of Globalization’, Journal of Economic History, 66, 283312.Google Scholar
Findlay, R. and O’Rourke, K. H. (2007). Power and Plenty: Trade, War and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Frankema, E. (2011). ‘Colonial Taxation and Government Spending in British Africa, 1880–1940: Maximizing Revenue or Minimizing Effort?’, Explorations in Economic History, 48, 136149.Google Scholar
Frankema, E. (2012). ‘The Origins of Formal Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Was British Rule More Benign?’, European Review of Economic History, 16, 335355.Google Scholar
Frankema, E. (2013). ‘Colonial Education and Post-Colonial Governance in the Congo and Indonesia’, in Frankema, E. and Buelens, F. (eds.), Colonial Exploitation and Economic Development: The Belgian Congo and the Netherlands Indies Compared, London: Routledge, 153177.Google Scholar
Frankema, E., Williamson, J., and Woltjer, P. (2018). ‘An Economic Rationale for the West African Scramble? The Commercial Transition and the Commodity Price Boom of 1835–1885’, Journal of Economic History, 78, 231267.Google Scholar
Fraser, C. (1996). ‘The Twilight of Colonial Rule in the British West Indies: Nationalist Assertion vs Imperial Hubris in the 1930s’, Journal of Caribbean History, 30, 125.Google Scholar
Gardner, L. (2012). Taxing Colonial Africa: The Political Economy of British Imperialism, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gardner, L. (2017). ‘Colonialism or Supersanctions: Sovereignty and Debt in West Africa, 1871–1914’, European Review of Economic History, 21, 236257.Google Scholar
Golson, E. B. (2012). ‘Did Swedish Ball Bearings Keep the Second World War Going? Re-Evaluating Neutral Sweden’s Role’, Scandinavian Economic History Review, 60, 165182.Google Scholar
Harrison, M. (2017). ‘The Soviet Economy, 1917–1991: Its Life and Afterlife’, Independent Review, 22, 199206.Google Scholar
Head, K., Mayer, T., and Ries, J. (2010). ‘The Erosion of Colonial Trade Linkages after Independence’, Journal of International Economics, 81, 114.Google Scholar
Herranz-Loncán, A. and Fourie, J. (2018). ‘“For the Public Benefit?” Railways in the British Cape Colony’, European Review of Economic History, 22, 73100.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A. G. (1973). An Economic History of West Africa, London: Longman.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A. G. (2018). American Empire: A Global History, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Huillery, E. (2009). ‘History Matters: The Long-Term Impact of Colonial Public Investments in French West Africa’, American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1, 176215.Google Scholar
Jedwab, R., Kerby, E., and Moradi, A. (2017). ‘History, Path Dependence and Development: Evidence from Colonial Railways, Settlers and Cities in Kenya’, Economic Journal, 127, 14671494.Google Scholar
Kennedy, P. (1989). ‘The Costs and Benefits of British Imperialism 1846–1914’, Past and Present, 125, 186192.Google Scholar
Koller, C. (2014). ‘Colonial Military Participation in Europe (Africa)’, in Daniel, U., Gatrell, P., Janz, O., Jones, H., Keene, J., Kramer, A., and Nasson, B. (eds.), 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, Free University of Berlin, available online at https://encyclopedia.1914–1918-online.net/article/colonial_military_participation_in_europe_africa (accessed 29 September 2020).Google Scholar
Land, J. and Eloranta, J. (2016). ‘Wartime Economies, 1939–1945: Large and Small European States at War’, in Doumanis, N. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of European History, 1914–1945, Oxford University Press, 461479.Google Scholar
La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R. (1999). ‘The Quality of Government’, Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 15, 222279.Google Scholar
Law, R. (2009). ‘Introduction’, in Law, R. (ed.), From Slave Trade to ‘Legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa, Cambridge University Press, 131.Google Scholar
Leake, E. M. (2014). ‘British India Versus the British Empire: The Indian Army and an Impasse in Imperial Defence, circa 1919–39’, Modern Asian Studies, 48, 301329.Google Scholar
Lindert, P. H. (1994). ‘The Rise of Social Spending, 1880–1930’, Explorations in Economic History, 31(1), 137.Google Scholar
Manela, E. (2007). The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchener, K. and Weidenmier, M. D. (2008). ‘Trade and Empire’, Economic Journal, 118, 18051834.Google Scholar
Mitchener, K. and Weidenmier, M. D. (2010). ‘Supersanctions and Sovereign Debt Repayment’, Journal of International Money and Finance, 29, 1936.Google Scholar
Nugent, P. (2012). Africa since Independence: A Comparative History, 2nd ed., Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
O’Grady, S. (2014). ‘Colonial Lines Drawn Again for Ebola Aid’, Foreign Policy, 22 September.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H. and Williamson, J. G. (1999). Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H. and Williamson, J. G. (2002). ‘When Did Globalisation Begin?’, European Review of Economic History, 6, 2350.Google Scholar
Page, J. (1994). ‘The East Asian Miracle: An Introduction’, World Development, 22, 615625.Google Scholar
Rathbone, R. (2008). ‘Casing “the Kingdome into Another Mold”: Ghana’s Troubled Transition to Independence’, Round Table, 97, 705718.Google Scholar
Reid, M. (2009). Forgotten Continent: The Battle for Latin America’s Soul, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rockoff, H. (2012). America’s Economic Way of War: War and the US Economy from the Spanish-American War to the Persian Gulf War, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Roy, T. (2012). India and the World Economy, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schenk, C. R. (1997). ‘Monetary Institutions in Newly Independent Countries: The Experience of Malaya, Ghana and Nigeria in the 1950s’, Financial History Review, 4, 181198.Google Scholar
Sherwood, M. (2011). ‘Colonies, Colonials and World War Two’, available online at www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/colonies_colonials_01.shtml (accessed 29 September 2020).Google Scholar
Singer, J. D. and Small, M. (1993). National Material Capabilities Data, 1816–1985, Ann Arbor: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.Google Scholar
Stasavage, D. (2003). The Political Economy of a Common Currency: The CFA Franc Zone since 1945, Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Tai-Yong, T. (2000). ‘An Imperial Home-Front: Punjab and the First World War’, Journal of Military History, 64, 371.Google Scholar
Tooze, A. and Ivanov, M. (2011). ‘Disciplining the “Black Sheep of the Balkans”: Financial Supervision and Sovereignty in Bulgaria, 1902–38’, Economic History Review, 64, 3051.Google Scholar
Tuncer, C. (2015). Sovereign Debt and International Financial Control: The Middle East and the Balkans, 1870–1914, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
van der Eng, P. (2003). ‘Marshall Aid as a Catalyst in the Decolonization of Indonesia, 1947–49’, in Le Sueur, J. D (ed.), The Decolonization Reader, New York: Routledge, 123138.Google Scholar
Vonyó, T. (2017). ‘War and Socialism: Why Eastern Europe Fell Behind between 1950 and 1989’, Economic History Review, 70, 248274.Google Scholar
Wantchekon, L., Klasnja, M., and Novta, N. (2015). ‘Education and Human Capital Externalities: Evidence from Colonial Benin’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130, 703757.Google Scholar
White, N. J. (2011). ‘Reconstructing Europe through Rejuvenating Empire: The British, French and Dutch Experiences Compared’, Past and Present, 210, 211236.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. (2008). ‘A Short History of the Washington Consensus’, in Serra, N. and Stiglitz, J. E. (eds.), The Washington Consensus Reconsidered: Towards a New Global Governance, Oxford University Press, 1430.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×