Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T08:46:20.687Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

25 - Intercultural Pragmatics in Healthcare Communication

from Part IV - Intercultural Pragmatics in Different Types of Communication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 September 2022

By
Maria Grazia Rossi  and
Fabrizio Macagno
Edited by
Istvan Kecskes
Istvan Kecskes
Affiliation:
State University of New York, Albany
Get access

Summary

Medical communication is characterized by an essential cultural difference, as the nature of healthcare provider–patient interactions consists of an epistemic imbalance between the expert and the layperson. This specialized knowledge gap combines with other types of cultural differences, defined by mismatched background knowledge (including values, expectations, facts, or theories) and the proficiency in the use of distinct languages or dialects. Such cultural differences define a type of communication that is essentially and primarily intercultural.

Drawing on examples from different types of medical communication, we provide an overview of these studies in linguistics, pragmatics, and health communication to describe differences and commonalities between pragmatic strategies used in interactions of different types and levels of “interculturality.”

We propose a more consistent integration of pragmatics in healthcare communication by looking at how shared understanding is obtained in language-discordant contexts through the mediation of interpreters. Based on this analysis, we design a new communicative role for healthcare providers highlighting future perspectives for clinical training and practice. In this sense, the role played by an intercultural pragmatic approach in healthcare communication leads to redefining pragmatic strategies as part of a communicative toolbox, and not only as a discipline explaining how context affects meaning.

Keywords

cultural understandingmedical interactionshealthcare discoursetechnology-mediated communication
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Intercultural Pragmatics , pp. 652 - 682
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aline, D. and Hosoda, Y. (2021). Deployment of the formulaic utterance “How about ∼” in task-based second language classroom discussions. Intercultural Pragmatics, 18(4): 425–446. doi:10.1515/ip-2021-4001.Google Scholar
Al Shamsi, H., Almutairi, A. G., Al Mashrafi, S., and Al Kalbani, T. (2020). Implications of language barriers for healthcare: A systematic review. Oman Medical Journal, 35(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5001/OMJ.2020.40.Google Scholar
Alizadeh, S. and Chavan, M. (2020). Perceived cultural distance in healthcare in immigrant intercultural medical encounters. International Migration, 58(4), 231–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12680.Google Scholar
Almutairi, K. (2015). Culture and language differences as a barrier to provision of quality care by the health workforce in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal, 36(4), 425–431. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.4.10133.Google Scholar
Anderson, L. J. and Cirillo, L. (2020). The emergence and relevance of cultural difference in mediated health interactions. Health Communication, 36(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1735696.Google Scholar
Angelelli, C. (2004). Medical Interpreting and Cross-cultural Communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Atkinson, D. (2012). Intercultural rhetoric and intercultural communication. In Jackson, J., ed., Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication. Oxford: Routledge, pp. 116–129.Google Scholar
Auer, P. and Kern, F. (2001). Three ways of analysing communication between East and West Germans as intercultural communication. In Di Luzio, A., Günthner, S., and Orletti, F., eds., Culture in Communication: Analyses of Intercultural Situations. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 89–116.Google Scholar
Austin, J. L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Baraldi, C. and Gavioli, L. (2012a). Coordinating Participation in Dialogue Interpreting. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Baraldi, C. and Gavioli, L. (2012b). Introduction: Understanding coordination in interpreter-mediated interaction. In Baraldi, C. and Gavioli, L., eds., Coordinating Participation in Dialogue Interpreting. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 1–21.Google Scholar
Baraldi, C. and Gavioli, L. (2016). On professional and non-professional interpreting in healthcare services: The case of intercultural mediators. European Journal of Applied Linguistics, 4(1), 33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baraldi, C. and Gavioli, L. (2017). Intercultural mediation and “(non)professional” interpreting in Italian healthcare institutions. In Antonini, R., Cirillo, L., Rossato, L., and Torresi, I., eds., Nonprofessional Interpreting and Translation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 83–106.Google Scholar
Baraldi, C. and Gavioli, L. (2020). Effective communication and knowledge distribution in healthcare interaction with migrants. Health Communication, 36(9), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1735701.Google Scholar
Belpoliti, F. and Pérez, M. E. (2016). Giving advice in medical Spanish: Pragmatic and intercultural competence in the Spanish for the health professions curriculum. Journal of Spanish Language Teaching, 3(2), 127–142. doi: 10.1080/23247797.2016.1251780.Google Scholar
Berkman, N. D., Davis, T. C., and McCormack, L. (2010). Health literacy: What is it? Journal of Health Communication, 15(2), 9–19. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2010.499985.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bigi, S. (2016). Communicating (with) Care: A Linguistic Approach to the Study of Interactions in Chronic Care Settings. Amsterdam: IOS Press.Google Scholar
Bigi, S. and Rossi, M. G. (2020). Considering mono- and multilingual interactions on a continuum: An analysis of interactions in medical settings. In Hohenstein, C. and Lévy-Tödter, M., eds., Multilingual Healthcare: A Global View on Communicative Challenges. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, pp. 11–37. doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-27120-6_2.Google Scholar
Blum-Kulka, S. and Olshtain, E. (1986). Too many words: Length of utterance and pragmatic failure. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 8(2), 165–179.Google Scholar
Bromme, R., Jucks, R., and Runde, A. (2005). Barriers and biases in computer-mediated expert-layperson-communication. In Bromme, R., Hesse, F., and Spada, H., eds., Barriers and Biases in Computer-Mediated Knowledge Communication. Boston, MA: Springer, pp. 89–118. doi: 10.1007/0-387-24319-4_5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candlin, C. N. and Candlin, S. (2003). Healthcare communication: A problematic site for applied linguistics research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 23(8), 134–154. doi: 10.1017/S0267190503000230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, H. and Brennan, S. (1991). Grounding in communication. In Resnick, L., Levine, J., and Teasley, S., eds., Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition. Washington: American Psychological Association, pp. 127–149.Google Scholar
Cortabarria, B. (2015). The role of translators and interpreters in hybrid English–Spanish contexts in the USA. Language and Intercultural Communication, 15(3), 407–423. doi: 10.1080/14708477.2015.1015345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulthard, M. (1985). An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cox, A. (2017). The Dynamics of (Mis)communication in Language Discordant Multi-party Consultations in the Emergency Department. Zelzate: University Press. https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/640782.Google Scholar
Cox, A. and Li, S. (2020). The medical consultation through the lenses of language and social interaction theory. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 25, 241–257. doi: 10.1007/s10459-018-09873-2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crawford, T., Candlin, S., and Roger, P. (2017). New perspectives on understanding cultural diversity in nurse–patient communication. Collegian, 24(1), 63–69.Google Scholar
Dörnyei, Z. and Scott, M. L. (1997). Communication strategies in a second language: Definitions and taxonomies. Language Learning, 47(1), 173–210. doi: 10.1111/0023-8333.51997005.Google Scholar
Edwards, M., Davies, M., and Edwards, A. (2009). What are the external influences on information exchange and shared decision-making in healthcare consultations: A meta-synthesis of the literature. Patient Education and Counseling, 75(1), 37–52. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.09.025.Google Scholar
Elder, C.-H. F. (2019). Negotiating what is said in the face of miscommunication. In Stalmaszczyk, P., ed., Philosophical Insights into Pragmatics. Berlin/ New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 105–126.Google Scholar
Farini, F. (2013). The pragmatics of emotions in interlinguistic healthcare settings. Research in Language, 11(2), 163–187. doi: 10.2478/v10015-012-0025-5.Google Scholar
Gardenswartz, L. and Rowe, A. (1998). Managing Diversity in Health Care: Proven Tools and Activities for Leaders and Trainers. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
Gavioli, L. and Wadensjö, C. (2021). Reflections on doctor question–patient answer sequences and on lay perceptions of close translation. Health Communication, 36(9), 1–11. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1735699.Google Scholar
Gerchow, L., Burka, L. R., Miner, S. and Squires, A. (2021). Language barriers between nurses and patients: A scoping review. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(3), 534–553. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.017.Google Scholar
Gerwing, J., Indseth, T., and Gulbrandsen, P. (2016). A microanalysis of the clarity of information in physicians’ and patients’ discussions of treatment plans with and without language barriers. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(4), 522–529. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2015.10.012.Google Scholar
Gerwing, J. and Li, S. (2019). Body-oriented gestures as a practitioner’s window into interpreted communication. Social Science and Medicine, 233, 171–180. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.040.Google Scholar
Gibson, D. and Zhong, M. (2005). Intercultural communication competence in the healthcare context. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29(5), 621–634. doi: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.07.008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giuliani, E., Melegari, G., Carrieri, F., and Barbieri, A. (2020). Overview of the main challenges in shared decision making in a multicultural and diverse society in the intensive and critical care setting. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 26(2), 520–523. doi: 10.1111/jep.13300.Google Scholar
Grimshaw, A. D. (1980). Mishearings, misunderstandings, and other nonsuccesses in talk: A plea for redress of speaker‐oriented bias. Sociological Inquiry, 50(3–4), 31–74.Google Scholar
Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gumperz, J. J. (1992). Contextualization and understanding. In Duranti, A. and Goodwin, C., eds., Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 229–252.Google Scholar
Gumperz, J. J. and Cook-Gumperz, J. (2012). Interactional sociolinguistics:Perspectives on intercultural communication. In Bratt Paulston, C., Kiesling, S. F., and Rangel, E. S., eds., The Handbook of Intercultural Discourse and Communication. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell, pp. 63–76.Google Scholar
Hamilton, J. and Woodward-Kron, R. (2010). Developing cultural awareness and intercultural communication through multimedia: A case study from medicine and the health sciences. System, 38(4), 560–568.Google Scholar
Hardin, K. (2013). What goes unsaid: Expression of complaints and advice about health in Eastern Ecuador. Intercultural Pragmatics, 10(4), 569–591. doi: 10.1515/ip-2013-0027.Google Scholar
Healey, P. G. T. and Thirlwell, M. (2002). Analysing multi-modal communication: Repair-based measures of communicative co-ordination. In Kuppevelt, J. V., Dybkjær, L., and Bernsen, N. O., eds., Proceedings of the International CLASS Workshop on Natural, Intelligent and Effective Interaction in Multimodal Dialogue Systems. Copenhagen: University of Southern Denmark, pp. 83–92.Google Scholar
Heritage, J. (2011). Territories of knowledge, territories of experience: Empathic moments in interaction. In Steensig, J., Mondada, L., and Stivers, T., eds., The Morality of Knowledge in Conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 159–183. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511921674.008.Google Scholar
Heritage, J. (2012). Epistemics in action: Action formation and territories of knowledge. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 45(1), 1–29. doi: 10.1080/08351813.2012.646684.Google Scholar
Hicks, A., and Lloyd, A. (2016). It takes a community to build a framework: Information literacy within intercultural settings. Journal of Information Science, 42(3), 334–343. doi: 10.1177/0165551516630219.Google Scholar
Hlavac, J., Xu, Z., and Yong, D. X. (2015). Intercultural pragmatics at work: (Self-)perceptions of intercultural behavior of Chinese and English speakers and interpreters in healthcare interactions. Intercultural Pragmatics, 12(1), 91–118. doi: 10.1515/ip-2015-0004.Google Scholar
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hsieh, E. (2006). Understanding medical interpreters: Reconceptualizing bilingual health communication. Health Communication, 20(2), 177–186. doi: 10.1207/s15327027hc2002_9.Google Scholar
Hudelson, P. (2005). Improving patient-provider communication: Insights from interpreters. Family Practice, 22(3), 311–316. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmi015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Humphreys-Jones, C. (1986). An Investigation of the Types and Structure of Misunderstandings. Newcastle: Newcastle University Press.Google Scholar
Jain, P. and Krieger, J. L. (2011). Moving beyond the language barrier: The communication strategies used by international medical graduates in intercultural medical encounters. Patient Education and Counseling, 84(1), 98–104. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.06.022.Google Scholar
Jaszczolt, K. (2005). Default Semantics: Foundations of a Compositional Theory of Acts of Communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199261987.001.0001.Google Scholar
Kai, J., Beavan, J., and Faull, C. (2011). Challenges of mediated communication, disclosure and patient autonomy in cross-cultural cancer care. British Journal of Cancer, 105(7), 918–924. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.318.Google Scholar
Kecskes, I. (2006). Formulaic language in Franca, English Lingua. In Kecskes, I. and Horn, L., eds., Explorations in Pragmatics: Linguistic, Cognitive and Intercultural Aspects. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 191–218.Google Scholar
Kecskes, I. (2013). Intercultural Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kecskes, I. (2015). Intracultural communication and intercultural communication: Are they different? International Review of Pragmatics, 7, 171–194. doi: 10.1163/18773109-00702002.Google Scholar
Kecskes, I. (2016). Can intercultural pragmatics bring some new insight into pragmatic theories? In Mey, J. and Capone, A., eds., Interdisciplinary Studies in Pragmatics, Culture and Society. Cham: Springer, pp. 43–69.Google Scholar
Kecskes, I. and Zhang, F. (2009). Activating, seeking, and creating common ground: A socio-cognitive approach. Pragmatics and Cognition, 17(2), 331–355. doi: 10.1075/pc.17.2.06kec.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kecskes, I. and Zhang, F. (2013). On the dynamic relations between common ground and presupposition. In Capone, A., Lo Piparo, F., and Carapezza, M., eds., Perspectives on Linguistic Pragmatics (Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology 2). Cham: Springer, pp. 375–395. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-01014-4_15.Google Scholar
Krystallidou, D., Langewitz, W. and van den Muijsenbergh, M. (2020). Multilingual healthcare communication: Stumbling blocks, solutions, recommendations. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(3), 512–516. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.09.015.Google Scholar
Labov, W. and Fanshel, D. (1977). Therapeutic Discourse: Psychotherapy as Conversation. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Légaré, F., Ratté, S., Gravel, K., and Graham, I. D. (2008). Barriers and facilitators to implementing shared decision-making in clinical practice: Update of a systematic review of health professionals’ perceptions. Patient Education and Counseling, 73(3), 526–535. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.018.Google Scholar
Louis, Sasha G., and Khoudary, Rana N. (2021). Lebanese conversational style and cultural values. Intercultural Pragmatics, 18(5), 571–604. doi:10.1515/ip-2021-5001.Google Scholar
Macagno, F. (2018). Evidence and presumptions for analyzing and detecting misunderstandings. Pragmatics and Cognition, 24(2), 263–296.Google Scholar
Macagno, F. and Rossi, M. G. (2019). Metaphors and problematic understanding in chronic care communication. Journal of Pragmatics, 151, 103–117. doi: 10.1016/j.pragma.2019.03.010.Google Scholar
Macagno, F. and Rossi, M. G. (2021). The communicative functions of metaphors between explanation and persuasion. In Macagno, F. and Capone, A., eds., Inquiries in Philosophical Pragmatics. Theoretical developments. Cham: Springer¸ pp. 171–191.Google Scholar
Magaña, D. (2019). Cultural competence and metaphor in mental healthcare interactions: A linguistic perspective. Patient Education and Counseling, 102(12), 2192–2198. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.06.010.Google Scholar
McCabe, R. and Healey, P. G. T. (2018). Miscommunication in doctor–patient communication. Topics in Cognitive Science, 10(2), 409–424. doi: 10.1111/tops.12337.Google Scholar
McRoy, S. and Hirst, G. (1995). The repair of speech act misunderstandings by abductive inference. Computational Linguistics, 21(4), 435–478.Google Scholar
Mishler, E. G. (1984). The Discourse of Medicine: Dialectics of Medical Interviews, Vol. III. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Noels, K. A., Yashima, T., and Zhang, R. (2011). Language, identity and intercultural communication. In Jackson, J., ed., The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication. London: Routledge, pp. 52–66.Google Scholar
Penn, C. and Watermeyer, J. (2012). When asides become central: Small talk and big talk in interpreted health interactions. Patient Education and Counseling, 88(3), 391–398. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2012.06.016.Google Scholar
Penn, C. and Watermeyer, J. (2018). Communicating across Cultures and Languages in the Health Care Setting: Voices of Care. London: Palgrave Macmillan. doi: 10.1057/978-1-137-58100-6.Google Scholar
Piacentini, T., O’Donnell, C., Phipps, A., Jackson, I., and Stack, N. (2019). Moving beyond the “language problem”: Developing an understanding of the intersections of health, language and immigration status in interpreter-mediated health encounters. Language and Intercultural Communication, 19(3), 256–271. doi: 10.1080/14708477.2018.1486409.Google Scholar
Poel, K. Van De and Brunfaut, T. (2010). Medical communication in L1 and L2 contexts: Comparative modification analysis. Intercultural Pragmatics, 7(1), 103–129. doi: 10.1515/iprg.2010.005.Google Scholar
Potter, N. (2000). Giving uptake. Social Theory and Practice, 26(3), 479–508. doi: 10.5840/soctheorpract200026315.Google Scholar
Roberts, C. (2007). Intercultural communication in healthcare settings. In Knapp, K. and Antos, G., eds., Handbook of Intercultural Communication. Berlin/New York: Walter de Gruyter, pp. 243–262.Google Scholar
Roberts, C., Moss, B., Wass, V., Sarangi, S., and Jones, R. (2005). Misunderstandings: A qualitative study of primary care consultations in multilingual settings, and educational implications. Medical Education, 39(5), 465–475. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02121.x.Google Scholar
Roberts, C. and Sarangi, S. (2005). Theme oriented discourse analysis of medical encounters. Medical Education, 39(6), 632–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02171.x.Google Scholar
Rossi, M. G. (2021). Metaphors and persuasion in healthcare communication. Languages, 222(2), 1–18.Google Scholar
Rossi, M. G. and Macagno, F. (2020). Coding problematic understanding in patient–provider interactions. Health Communication, 35(12), 1487–1496. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1652384.Google Scholar
Rossi, M. G., Menichetti, J., and Vegni, E. (2021). Problems of understanding in ART triadic interactions: A qualitative comparison of first and follow-up visits (submitted). Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641998.Google Scholar
Sacks, H. (1995). Rules of conversational sequence. In Jefferson, G., ed., Lectures on Conversation. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 3–11.Google Scholar
Sacks, H., Jefferson, E., and Schegloff, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696–735.Google Scholar
Sarangi, S. (1994). Intercultural or not? beyond celebration of cultural differences in miscommunication analysis. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), 4(3), 409–427. doi: 10.1075/prag.4.3.05sar.Google Scholar
Sarangi, S. (2010). Healthcare interaction as an expert communicative system. In Streech, J., ed., New Adventures in Language and Interaction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 167–198. doi: 10.1075/pbns.196.08sar.Google Scholar
Sarangi, S. (2012). The intercultural complex in healthcare encounters: A discourse analytical perspective. In Patil, N. G. and Lam, C. L. K., eds., Making Sense in Communication. Hong Kong: IMHSE Publication, pp. 13–24.Google Scholar
Sarangi, S. (2017). Mind the gap: “Communicative vulnerability” and the mediation of linguistic/cultural diversity in healthcare settings. In Coleman, H., ed., Multilingualisms and Development. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 239–258.Google Scholar
Shah, R. and Ogden, J. (2006). “What’s in a face?” The role of doctor ethnicity, age and gender in the formation of patients’ judgements: An experimental study. Patient Education and Counseling, 60(2), 136–141. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2004.12.005.Google Scholar
Sinclair, J. and Coulthard, M. (1975). Towards an Analysis of Discourse: The English Used by Teachers and Pupils. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sørensen, K., Van den Broucke, S., Fullam, J., Doyle, G., Pelikan, J., Slonska, Z., et al. (2012). Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 80. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-80.Google Scholar
Sousa, C. M. P. and Bradley, F. (2006). Cultural distance and psychic distance: Two peas in a pod? Journal of International Marketing, 14(1), 49–70.Google Scholar
Stehr, N. (1994). Knowledge Societies. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Street, R. L. J. (2013). How clinician–patient communication contributes to health improvement: Modeling pathways from talk to outcome. Patient Education and Counseling, 92(3), 286–291. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.05.004.Google Scholar
Street, R. L. J. and Haidet, P. (2011). How well do doctors know their patients? Factors affecting physician understanding of patients’ health beliefs. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(1), 21–27. doi: 10.1007/s11606-010-1453-3.Google Scholar
Street Jr., R. L., Makoul, G., Arora, N. K., and Epstein, R. M. (2009). How does communication heal? Pathways linking clinician–patient communication to health outcomes. Patient Education and Counseling, 74(3), 295–301. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.11.015.Google Scholar
Street, R. L. J., O’Malley, K. J., Cooper, L. A., and Haidet, P. (2008). Understanding concordance in patient–physician relationships: Personal and ethnic dimensions of shared identity. Annals of Family Medicine, 6(3), 198–205. doi: 10.1370/afm.821.Google Scholar
Suurmond, J. and Seeleman, C. (2006). Shared decision-making in an intercultural context: Barriers in the interaction between physicians and immigrant patients. Patient Education and Counseling, 60(2), 253–259. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.01.012.Google Scholar
Teal, C. R. and Street, R. L. J. (2009). Critical elements of culturally competent communication in the medical encounter: A review and model. Social Science and Medicine, 68(3), 533–543. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.015.Google Scholar
Ting-Toomey, S. (2015). Intercultural and intergroup communication competence. In Hannawa, A. and Spitzberg, B., eds., Handbook of Communication Science: Communication Competence. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 503–538.Google Scholar
Trogen, B. (2017). The evidence-based metaphor. JAMA, 317(14), 1411–1412. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.17219.Google Scholar
Ulrey, K. L. and Amason, P. (2001). Intercultural communication between patients and health care providers: An exploration of intercultural communication effectiveness, cultural sensitivity, stress, and anxiety. Health Communication, 13(4), 449–463. doi: 10.1207/S15327027HC1304_06.Google Scholar
Wadensjö, C. (1998). Interpreting as Interaction. London/New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Wang, Xiaowen, Ahrens, Kathleen, and Huang, Chu-Ren (2022). The distance between illocution and perlocution: A tale of different pragmemes to call for social distancing in two cities. Intercultural Pragmatics, 19(1): 1–33. doi:10.1515/ip-2022-0001.Google Scholar
Watermeyer, J., Thwala, Z., and Beukes, J. (2020). Medical terminology in intercultural health interactions. Health Communication, 36(9), 1–10. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1735700.Google Scholar
Watson, B. M., Hewett, D. G., and Gallois, C. (2012). Culture and health care. In Jackson, J., ed., The Handbook of Intergroup Communication. New York: Routledge, pp. 293–305.Google Scholar
Werkmann Horvat, A., Bolognesi, M., and Kohl, K. (2021). The status of conventional metaphorical meaning in the L2 lexicon. Intercultural Pragmatics, 18(4), 447–467.Google Scholar
Yus, F. (1999). Misunderstandings and explicit/implicit communication. Pragmatics, 9(4), 487–517. doi: 10.1075/prag.9.4.01yus.Google Scholar
Zolnierek, K. B. H. and Dimatteo, M. R. (2009). Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: A meta-analysis. Medical Care, 47(8), 826–834. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e31819a5acc.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×