This chapter is organized around different approaches to studying wisdom across cultures. We suggest that the cross-cultural psychology of wisdom explores how “cultures are like all other cultures” (e.g., through wisdom scales); cultural psychology of wisdom explores how “cultures are like some other cultures” (e.g., by examining “wise reasoning” in different cultures); and indigenous psychology of wisdom explores how “cultures are like no other culture” (e.g., through narratives involving indigenous concepts like prajna). However, indigenous concepts challenge the very possibility of cross-cultural discussions of wisdom: It is impossible to distinguish cultural differences in conceptions of wisdom from indigenous cultural concepts that resemble – but are not – wisdom. Wierzbicka proposes a Natural Semantic Metalanguage that brings us full circle, since such a universal metalanguage highlights what is universal about conceptions and narratives of wisdom, or at least to knowing what is needed to live well.