Girolamo Savonarola's three-pronged program focused on political, social, and religious reforms. He turned his attention to the social realm, to the reform of public morals, and he organized the boys of Florence to enforce these reforms. Music played a central role in promoting social bonding of the youths, and the texts of newly composed songs helped spread the message of change. This chapter presents a better understanding of Florentine traditions that roused his ire, by taking a brief look at Carnival and its music during the 1470s and 1480s, and examines Savonarola's transformation of civic life. After Lorenzo de' Medici's death, Savonarola mobilized the boys of Florence to perform laude written by the friar himself and his followers. The chapter takes a brief look at their place in Florentine society, and focuses attention on the musical activities of the boys.