The development of Jewish law in Christian Europe between 1000-1500 CE was driven by the confluence of a number of factors: (1) scholars’ interpretations of literary sources, (2) living Jewish practice (as that is represented in texts authored by legal scholars), (3) adjustments to the law made by both legal scholars and other Jews in response to economic, social, and political changes, and (4) changes in intellectual ambiance and legal thought. Following a brief overview of “early beginnings” in the older areas of Jewish settlement in Italy, southern France, and Spain, this chapter will proceed systematically through the Jewish communities of northern France and Germany, Italy, southern France, and then Spain, highlighting the major legalists, their principal works, and the most influential developments in Jewish legal thought and method.