This chapter discusses the wartime ideology of the Western Allies, chiefly Britain and the United States, but also France. It considers ideology through prism of war aims. The first part examines the war aims of Britain and France from outbreak of European war in September 1939 to Germany's military victories in West in 1940. The Phoney War had witnessed a rising tide of anti-communist sentiment in France and Britain, egged on by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, Moscow's diplomatic and economic aid to the Germans, and the Red Army's unprovoked attack on Finland. The second and longer part considers the war aims of Britain and the United States from 1940-1945. The Churchill's challenge is apparent from history of Atlantic Charter, the single most important statement of Allied war aims. The charter was less a declaration of war aims than it was a spur for the Allies to define and impose their own views regarding the stakes of the conflict.