The solution of many crimes (and certainly all major ones) depends to a large extent on scientific support for the investigation team. This can cover a wide spectrum of specialisms both inside and outside the police service, and includes the police surgeon. Initial crime scene examination is mainly carried out by police or civilian scene examiners supplemented by other experts where their specific knowledge and expertise is required. The formation of scientific support departments within police forces has varied greatly from force to force but most incorporate personnel responsible for photography, fingerprint, marks/impressions and forensic examination either as individual or multi functional disciplines. In Scotland, these along with ballistic and suspect document examination fall within the remit of the Scottish Police Services Authority Forensic Services.

Detailed analysis of trace elements left at a scene by the perpetrator, and subsequent comparison with samples taken from a suspect, will frequently solve a case; therefore it must be ensured that a complete and comprehensive examination of the scene is carried out and that all material seized is properly packaged and preserved for future analysis. The potential value of the information gained from such a careful examination is so important that those who have access to the scene for whatever purpose must appreciate the severe consequences of displaying a careless or haphazard attitude. In order that all the disciplines present at a scene accomplish their full potential a recognized order of examination is followed or, where conflict occurs, proper discussion is held with the crime scene manager (CSM) and senior investigating officer (SIO).