Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- 180 Cytomegalovirus
- 181 Dengue and Dengue-Like Illness
- 182 Enteroviruses
- 183 Epstein–Barr Virus and Other Causes of the Mononucleosis Syndrome
- 184 Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in the Americas
- 185 Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2
- 186 Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8
- 187 Influenza
- 188 Papillomavirus
- 189 Acute and Chronic Parvovirus Infection
- 190 Rabies
- 191 Varicella-Zoster Virus
- 192 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
187 - Influenza
from Part XXIII - Specific Organisms – Viruses
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 March 2013
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Part I Clinical Syndromes – General
- Part II Clinical Syndromes – Head and Neck
- Part III Clinical Syndromes – Eye
- Part IV Clinical Syndromes – Skin and Lymph Nodes
- Part V Clinical Syndromes – Respiratory Tract
- Part VI Clinical Syndromes – Heart and Blood Vessels
- Part VII Clinical Syndromes – Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, and Abdomen
- Part VIII Clinical Syndromes – Genitourinary Tract
- Part IX Clinical Syndromes – Musculoskeletal System
- Part X Clinical Syndromes – Neurologic System
- Part XI The Susceptible Host
- Part XII HIV
- Part XIII Nosocomial Infection
- Part XIV Infections Related to Surgery and Trauma
- Part XV Prevention of Infection
- Part XVI Travel and Recreation
- Part XVII Bioterrorism
- Part XVIII Specific Organisms – Bacteria
- Part XIX Specific Organisms – Spirochetes
- Part XX Specific Organisms – Mycoplasma and Chlamydia
- Part XXI Specific Organisms – Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma
- Part XXII Specific Organisms – Fungi
- Part XXIII Specific Organisms – Viruses
- 180 Cytomegalovirus
- 181 Dengue and Dengue-Like Illness
- 182 Enteroviruses
- 183 Epstein–Barr Virus and Other Causes of the Mononucleosis Syndrome
- 184 Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome in the Americas
- 185 Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2
- 186 Human Herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8
- 187 Influenza
- 188 Papillomavirus
- 189 Acute and Chronic Parvovirus Infection
- 190 Rabies
- 191 Varicella-Zoster Virus
- 192 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
- Part XXIV Specific Organisms – Parasites
- Part XXV Antimicrobial Therapy – General Considerations
- Index
Summary
Influenza is an important epidemic viral infection that has caused significant morbidity and mortality throughout history. The first worldwide pandemic was documented in 1580, and 31 pandemics have been described since then. The most severe occurred in 1918–1919, when at least 20 million deaths were recorded worldwide, including approximately 550 000 in the United States. The last pandemic was in 1968, but milder epidemics continue to occur every 1 to 3 years. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) document 10 000 to 40 000 excess deaths in the United States during most epidemics. Recently, the possibility of a worldwide pandemic due to a highly pathogenic avian influenza has become of great concern. Significant resources worldwide have been dedicated to the detection and containment of avian influenza outbreaks and the development of response plans to influenza epidemics at international, national, and local levels.
INFLUENZA VIRAL STRUCTURE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Influenza viruses are medium-sized enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae. Three genera, influenza virus types A, B, and C, have been described. Influenza A and B viruses are important causes of human disease, whereas influenza C virus causes only sporadic upper respiratory infections.
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- Information
- Clinical Infectious Disease , pp. 1289 - 1294Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008