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1 - INTRODUCTION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2014

Waldemar Heckel
Affiliation:
University of Calgary
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Summary

IN 325 BC, ALEXANDER SAILED OUT FROM THE INDUS DELTA INTO the Ocean, the vast body of water which, according to ancient thought, encircled the world. Here he sacrificed bulls to Poseidon and, after pouring libations, hurled the golden cup and bowls into the sea as a thank-offering. The scene was hauntingly reminiscent of the ceremony conducted on the Hellespont in 334. In less than ten years, the Macedonian army had conquered the vast territories of the Achaemenid kings, including the fringe areas of the Punjab and the Indus, the most formidable empire of the ancient world. It had followed the path of unbroken victories from the familiar confines of the Aegean to the edge of the earth, overcoming everything in its way: armies, terrain, climate, all invariably hostile. Now the conquerors prepared to return to the west – some by sea, others along the coastal deserts – to consolidate their victory and contemplate the magnitude of their accomplishments. Little did they know that within two years their beloved king would be dead and their labors seemingly wasted. Most of those who returned to Europe were impoverished, their health broken by years of physical hardship. Others, if they did not die on campaign, were destined never to see Macedonia again, embroiled instead in the bitter struggles of Alexander's successors. The average soldier, whose efforts brought wealth and fame to his king and a small group of Companions, was left only with the scars of combat and slowly fading memories of that glorious adventure in the east.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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  • INTRODUCTION
  • Waldemar Heckel, University of Calgary
  • Book: The Conquests of Alexander the Great
  • Online publication: 05 August 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139197076.005
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  • INTRODUCTION
  • Waldemar Heckel, University of Calgary
  • Book: The Conquests of Alexander the Great
  • Online publication: 05 August 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139197076.005
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • INTRODUCTION
  • Waldemar Heckel, University of Calgary
  • Book: The Conquests of Alexander the Great
  • Online publication: 05 August 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139197076.005
Available formats
×