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15 - Bringing the whole universe to order: creativity, healing, and posttraumatic growth1

from Part V - Creativity and mental health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2014

By
Marie J. C. Forgeard ,
Anne C. Mecklenburg ,
Justin J. Lacasse  and
Eranda Jayawickreme
Edited by
James C. Kaufman
Marie J. C. Forgeard
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Anne C. Mecklenburg
Affiliation:
University of Michigan
Justin J. Lacasse
Affiliation:
Tufts Medical Center
Eranda Jayawickreme
Affiliation:
Wake Forest University
James C. Kaufman
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut
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Summary

Past research and anecdotal accounts suggest that individuals pursuing creative work (especially in artistic fields) tend to report higher-than-average levels of challenging life circumstances, including experiencing adverse life events (Simonton, 1994) and psychological disorders (for reviews, see Jamison, 1993, Johnson et al., 2012; Kaufman, 2009; Ludwig, 1995). One explanation for these findings is the possibility, noted by researchers, creators, and laypeople alike, that creative work and activities confer benefits for the well-being of individuals who engage in them (Cropley, 1990, 1997; Winner, 1982). By engaging in creative work, individuals are given the opportunity to heal and grow from the challenges that have befallen them. Anecdotal accounts from eminent creative individuals suggest that engaging in creative activities – defined as activities that generate novel and useful ideas or products (Sternberg and Lubart, 1999) – appears to have therapeutic benefits. In her diary, the writer Virginia Woolf commented:

Odd how the creative power at once brings the whole universe to order. I can see the day whole, proportioned – even after a long flutter of the brain such as I’ve had this morning[;] it must be a physical, moral, mental necessity, like setting the engine off.

(Woolf, 1934/2003, p. 213)

Woolf, known to suffer from bipolar disorder (Caramagno, 1992), expressed her belief that writing was essential to her well-being. Other eminent artists echoed a similar feeling with regards to either physical or psychological health. For example, the painter Paul Klee, who suffered from a severe autoimmune disorder, explained during the last stages of his disease: “I create – in order not to cry” (Sandblom, 1997, p. 187). The novelist and screenwriter Graham Greene, who also suffered from bipolar disorder, called writing “a form of therapy” (p. 37), and the confessional poet Anne Sexton, having composed verse based on the advice of her therapist, famously wrote that “poetry led me by the hand out of madness” (Jamison, 1993, p. 122). Finally, the French writer Antonin Artaud, who suffered from clinical depression, chronic pain, and addiction to opiates throughout his life (Rowlands, 2004), commented that “No one has ever written, painted, sculpted, modeled, built, or invented except literally to get out of hell” (Jamison, 1993, p. 121).

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Creativity and Mental Illness , pp. 321 - 342
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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