The 21st century has not been good to the science of economics. Economic crises such as the 2007–2008 mortgage crisis and subsequent recession were neither predicted by economists nor perceived to be the result of economic planning based on neoclassical models. This chapter combines insights from the history of economic anthropology and sociology to develop a theory of economic behavior that returns economic practice to its social and cultural contexts. It is less a critique of the science of economics than a synthesis of economic and social theory that speaks to the changes outlined in the previous chapters and questions of value raised in part two of this book.