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3 - Benefits of nitrogen for food, fibre and industrial production

from Part I - Nitrogen in Europe: the present position

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2011

By
Lars Stoumann Jensen ,
Jan K. Schjoerring ,
Klaas W. van der Hoek ,
Hanne Damgaard Poulsen ,
John F. Zevenbergen ,
Christian Pallière ,
Joachim Lammel ,
Frank Brentrup ,
Age W. Jongbloed  and
Jaap Willems
...Show all authors
Edited by
Mark A. Sutton ,
Clare M. Howard ,
Jan Willem Erisman ,
Gilles Billen ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Peringe Grennfelt ,
Hans van Grinsven  and
Bruna Grizzetti
Lars Stoumann Jensen
Affiliation:
University of Copenhagen
Jan K. Schjoerring
Affiliation:
University of Copenhagen
Klaas W. van der Hoek
Affiliation:
National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
Hanne Damgaard Poulsen
Affiliation:
Aarhus University
John F. Zevenbergen
Affiliation:
TNO Defence, Security and Safety
Christian Pallière
Affiliation:
Fertilizers Europe
Joachim Lammel
Affiliation:
Yara International Centre
Frank Brentrup
Affiliation:
Yara International Centre
Age W. Jongbloed
Affiliation:
Wageningen UR Livestock Research
Jaap Willems
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Clare M. Howard
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Jan Willem Erisman
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Gilles Billen
Affiliation:
CNRS and University of Paris VI
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Peringe Grennfelt
Affiliation:
Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Bruna Grizzetti
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
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Summary

Executive summary

Nature of the issue

  • Reactive nitrogen (Nr) has well-documented positive effects in agricultural and industrial production systems, human nutrition and food security. Limited Nr supply was a key constraint to European food and industrial production, which has been overcome by Nr from the Haber–Bosch process.

  • Given the huge diversity in Nr uses, it becomes a major challenge to summarize an overall inventory of Nr benefits. This full list of benefits needs to be quantified if society is to develop sound approaches to optimize Nr management, balancing the benefits against the environmental threats.

Approaches

  • When reviewing trends in European Nr production rates, including those from chemical and biological fixation processes, and the consumption of this Nr in human activities, agriculture is by far the largest sector driving Nr creation.

  • Particular attention has been given to relationships between N application rates, productivity and quality of products from major crops and livestock types, including consideration of the mechanisms underlying variations in N response/outputs and the derived impacts on land use and land requirements.

Key findings/state of knowledge

  • The economic value of N benefits to the European economy is very substantial. Almost half of the global food can be produced because of Nr from the Haber–Bosch, and cereal yields in Europe without fertilizer would only amount to half to two-thirds of those with fertilizer application at economically optimal rates.

  • […]

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
The European Nitrogen Assessment
Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives
 , pp. 32 - 61
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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