Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-8zxtt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-09T09:15:32.519Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

10 - Image acquisition and analysis in soft condensed matter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2014

Jeffrey S. Olafsen
Affiliation:
Baylor University
Jeffrey Olafsen
Affiliation:
Baylor University, Texas
Get access

Summary

Introduction

Fast and affordable computing power, especially in the form of personal computers and workstations, has enabled the expansion of the study of soft condensed matter physics over the last two decades. The use of computing power to not only analyze image data but acquire it from high-resolution and high-speed digital sources has also made many significant investigations in soft condensed matter experiments accessible to students while still pursuing their undergraduate degrees. Unlike students just a generation before, contemporary undergraduates are well versed in the use of computing power, even operating systems such as Linux, when they first arrive on campus. Because of outreach initiatives such as REU programs, intentions to recruit future graduate students, and an increasingly competitive trend in the careers of undergraduate majors, the opportunities to engage undergraduates in research has flourished over nearly the same period of time.

Granular systems, with simple hard sphere interactions and inter-particle friction, tend to be investigated in experiments that are tabletop in scale. As a subset of soft condensed matter systems, the macroscopic nature of granular physics makes the systems conceptually accessible to students as early as the sophomore or junior year of their baccalaureate careers. This no way trivializes the investigations or minimizes the advances in knowledge that a properly trained undergraduate can contribute to the larger scientific community when mentored well.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1] G. W., Baxter and R. P., Behringer, “Pattern formation in flowing sand,Physical Review Letters 62, 2825 (1989).Google Scholar
[2] M., Nakagawa, S. A., Altobelli, A., Caprihan, E., Fukushima, and E.-K., Jeong, “Non-invasive measurements of granular flows by magnetic resonance imaging,Experiments in Fluids 16, 54 (1993).Google Scholar
[3] E. E., Ehrichs, H. M., Jaeger, G. S., Karczmar, J. B., Knight, V. Y., Kuperman, and S. R., Nagel, “Granular convection observed by magnetic resonance imaging,Science 267, 1632 (1995).Google Scholar
[4] V. Y., Kuperman, E. E., Ehrichs, H. M., Jaeger, and G. S., Karczmar, “A new technique for differentiating between diffusion and flow in granular media using magnetic resonance imaging,Review of Scientific Instruments 66, 4350 (1995).Google Scholar
[5] J. R., Royer, E. I., Corwin, P. J., Eng, and H. M., Jaeger, “Gas mediated impact dynamics in fine-grained granular materials,Physical Review Letters 99, 038003 (2007).Google Scholar
[6] N., Menon and D. J., Durian, “Diffusing-wave spectroscopy of dynamics in a three- dimensional granular flow,Science 275, 1920 (1997).Google Scholar
[7] W. S., Boyle and G. E., Smith, “Charge coupled semiconductor devices,Bell System Technical Journal 49, 587–93, April 1970; W. S. Boyle and G. E. Smith, “A new approach to MIS device structures,” IEEE Spectrum 18-27, July 1971.
[8] P., Pieranski, J., Malecki, W., Kuczynski, and K., Wjociechowski, “A hard-disc system, an experimental model,Philosophical Magazine 37, 107 (1978).Google Scholar
[9] E., Clement and J., Rajchenbach, “Fluidization in a bidimensional powder,Europhysics Letters 16, 133 (1991).Google Scholar
[10] S., Warr, G. T. H., Jacques, and J. M., Huntley, “Tracking the translational and rotational motion of granular particles: use of high speed photography and image processing,Powder Technology 81, 41 (1994).Google Scholar
[11] V. V. R., Natarajan, M. L., Hunt, and E. D., Taylor, “Local measurements of velocity fluctuations and diffusion coefficients for a granular material flow,Journal of Fluid Mechanics 304, 1 (1995).Google Scholar
[12] S., Warr, J. M., Huntley, and G. T. H., Jacques, “Fluidization of a two-dimensional granular system: experimental study and scaling behavior.Physical Review E 52, 5583 (1995).Google Scholar
[13] D. V., Khakhar, J. J., McCarthy, T., Shinbrot, and J. M., Ottino, “Transverse flow and mixing of granular materials in a rotating cylinder,Physics of Fluids 9, 31 (1997).Google Scholar
[14] C. T., Veje and P., Dimon, “Two-dimensional granular flow in a small angle funnel,Physical Review E 54, 4329 (1996).Google Scholar
[15] L., Labous, A. D., Rosato, and R. N., Dave, “Measurements of collisional properties of spheres using high-speed video analysis,Physical Review E 56, 5717 (1997).Google Scholar
[16] J. S., Olafsen and J. S., Urbach, “Clustering, order, and collapse in a driven granular monolayer,Physical Review Letters 81, 4369 (1998).Google Scholar
[17] D. W., Howell, R. P., Behringer, and C. T., Veje, “Fluctuations in granular media,Chaos 9, 559 (1999).Google Scholar
[18] W., Losert, D. G. W., Cooper, J., Delour, A., Kudrolli, and J. P., Gollub, “Velocity statistics in excited granular media,Chaos 9, 682 (1999).Google Scholar
[19] L. S., Tsimring, R., Ramaswamy, and P., Sherman, “Dynamics of a shallow fluidized bed,Physical Review E 60, 7126 (1999).Google Scholar
[20] I. S., Aranson, V. A., Kalatsky, G. W., Crabtree, W.-K., Kwok, V. M., Vinokur, and U., Welp, “Electrostatically driven granular media: phase transitions and coarsening,Physical Review Letters 84, 3306 (2000).Google Scholar
[21] M. A., Scherer, K., Kotter, M., Markus, E., Goles, and I., Rehberg, “Swirling granular solidlike clusters,Physical Review E 61, 4069 (2000).Google Scholar
[22] A., Kudrolli and J., Henry, “Non-Gaussian velocity distributions in excited granular matter in the absence of clustering,Physical Review E 62, R1489 (2000).Google Scholar
[23] B., Painter and R. P., Behringer, “Dynamics of two-particle granular collisions on a surface,Physical Review E 62, 2380 (2000).Google Scholar
[24] G., Strassburger and I., Rehberg, “Crystallization in a horizontally vibrated monolayer of spheres,Physical Review E 62, 2517 (2000).Google Scholar
[25] F., Rouyer and N., Menon, “Velocity fluctuations in a homogeneous 2D granular gas in steady state,Physical Review Letters 85, 3676 (2000).Google Scholar
[26] E. C., Rericha, C., Bizon, M. D., Shattuck, and H. L., Swinney, “Shocks in supersonic sand,Physical Review Letters 88, 014302 (2002).Google Scholar
[27] A., Prevost, D. A., Egolf, and J. S., Urbach, “Forcing and velocity correlations in a vibrated granular monolayer,Physical Review Letters 89, 084301 (2002).Google Scholar
[28] B. A., Gryzbowski, J. A., Wiles, and G. M., Whitesides, “Dynamic self-assembly of rings of charged metallic spheres,Physical Review Letters 90, 083903 (2003).Google Scholar
[29] S., Aumaître, T., Schnautz, C. A., Kruelle, and I., Rehberg, “Granular phase transition as a precondition for segregation,Physical Review Letters 90, 114302 (2003).Google Scholar
[30] J., Rajchenbach, “Dense, rapid flows of inelastic grains under gravity,Physical Review Letters 90, 144302 (2003).Google Scholar
[31] G. W., Baxter and J. S., Olafsen, “Kinetics: Gaussian statistics in granular gases,Nature 425, 680 (2003).Google Scholar
[32] J., Stambaugh, D. P., Lathrop, E., Ott, and W., Losert, “Pattern formation in a monolayer of magnetic spheres,Physical Review E 68, 026207 (2003).Google Scholar
[33] S., Feldt and J. S., Olafsen, “Inelastic gravitational billiards,Physical Review Letters 94, 224102 (2005).Google Scholar
[34] T. W., Martin, R. D., Wildman, G. K., Hargrave, J. M., Huntley, and N., Halliwell, “Capturing gas and particle motion in an idealized gas-granular flow,Powder Technology 155, 175 (2005).Google Scholar
[35] P. M., Reis, R. A., Ingale, and M. D., Shattuck, “Crystallization of a quasi-two- dimensional granular fluid,Physical Review Letters 96, 258001 (2006).Google Scholar
[36] E., Falcon, R., Wunenburger, P., Evesque, S., Fauve, C., Chabot, Y., Garrabos, and D., Beysens, “Cluster formation in a granular medium fluidized by vibrations in low gravity,Physical Review Letters 83, 440 (1999).Google Scholar
[37] E., Falcon, S., Fauve, and C., Laroche, “Cluster formation, pressure and density measurements in a granular medium fluidized by vibrations,European Physical Journal B 9, 183 (1999).Google Scholar
[38] R. D., Wildman, J. M., Huntley, J.-P., Hansen, D. J., Parker, and D. A., Allen, “Single- particle motion in three-dimensional vibrofluidized granular beds,Physical Review E 62, 3836 (2000).Google Scholar
[39] R. D., Wildman, J. M., Huntley, and D. J., Parker, “Granular temperature profiles in three-dimensional vibrofluidized granular beds,Physical Review E 63, 061311 (2001).Google Scholar
[40] G., Maimon, A. D., Straw, and M. H., Dickinson, “A simple vision-based algorithm for decision making in flying drosophila,Current Biology 18, 464 (2008).Google Scholar
[41] S., Siavoshi, A. V., Orpe, and A., Kudrolli, “Friction of a slider on a granular layer: nonmonotonic thickness dependence and effect of boundary conditions,Physical Review E 73, 010301 (2003).Google Scholar
[42] J.-C., Tsai, G. A., Voth, and J. P., Gollub, “Internal granular dynamics, shear-induced crystallization, and compaction steps,Physical Review Letters 91, 064301 (2003).Google Scholar
[43] A. V., Orpe and A., Kudrolli, “Velocity correlations in dense granular flows observed with internal imaging,Physical Review Letters 98, 238001 (2007).Google Scholar
[44] I., Taketoshi, T., Hiroshi, B., Kunio, I., Yoshio, W., Kazuhiro, and K., Yuzuru, “Progressive-scan CCD camera and motion picture recording system for high resolution visualized image capturing,Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 19, 61 (1999).Google Scholar
[45] I. S., Aranson and J. S., Olafsen, “Velocity fluctuations in electrostatically driven granular media,Physical Review E 66, 061302 (2002).Google Scholar
[46] M., Shattuck, R. A., Ingale, and P. M., Reis, “Granular thermodynamics,AIP Conference Proceedings 1145, 43 (2009).Google Scholar
[47] K., Combs and J. S., Olafsen, “Energy injection in a non-equilibrium granular gas experiment,AIP Conference Proceedings 1145, 997 (2009).Google Scholar
[48] K., Combs, J. S., Olafsen, A., Burdeau, and P., Viot, “Thermostatistics of a single particle on a granular dimer lattice: Influence of defects,Physical Review E 78, 042301 (2008).Google Scholar
[49] T., Pavlidis, “Image analysis,Annual Review of Computer Science 3, 121 (1988).Google Scholar
[50] R. D., Wildman, J. M., Huntley, and J.-P., Hansen, “Self-diffusion in a two- dimensional vibrofluidized bed,Physical Review E 60, 7066 (1999).Google Scholar
[51] Y. J., Zhang, “A survey on evaluation methods for image segmentation,Pattern Recognition 29, 1335 (1996).Google Scholar
[52] S., Ott and J., Mann, “An experimental investigation of the relative diffusion of particle pairs in three-dimensional flow,Journal of Fluid Mechanics 422, 207 (2000).Google Scholar
[53] G., Arfken, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 3rd edition (Academic Press, New York, 1985).Google Scholar
[54] G. W., Baxter and J. S., Olafsen, “Experimental evidence for molecular chaos in granular gases,Physical Review Letters 99, 028001 (2007).Google Scholar
[55] G. W., Baxter and J. S., Olafsen, “The temperature of a vibrated granular gas,Granular Matter 9, 135 (2007).Google Scholar
[56] H. M., Jaegar, S., Nagel, and R. P., Behringer, “Granular solids, liquids and gases,Reviews of Modern Physics 68, 1259 (1996).Google Scholar
[57] J. S., Olafsen and J. S., Urbach, “Velocity distributions and density fluctuations in a granular gas,Physical Review E 60, R2468 (1999).Google Scholar
[58] P. M., Reis, R. A., Ingale, and M. D., Shattuck, “Caging dynamics in a granular fluid,Physical Review Letters 98, 188301 (2007).Google Scholar
[59] http://www.nsf.gov/crssprgm/reu/
[60] R. C., Hilborn and R. H., Howes, “Why many undergraduate physics programs are good but few are great,Physics Today 56, 38 (2003).Google Scholar
[61] B. L., Whitten, S. R., Foster, and M. L., Duncombe, “What works for women in undergraduate physics?Physics Today 56, 38 (2003).Google Scholar
[62] C. A., Manogue and K. S., Krane, “Paradigms in physics: restructuring the upper level,Physics Today 56, 38 (2003).Google Scholar
[63] K., Kohlstedt, A., Snezhko, M.V., Sapoznikov, I. S., Aranson, J. S., Olafsen, and E., Ben-Naim, “Velocity distributions of granular gases with drag and with long-range interactions,Physical Review Letters 95, 068001 (2005).Google Scholar
[64] J., Atwell and J. S., Olafsen, “Anisotropic dynamics in a shaken granular dimer gas experiment,Physical Review E 71, 062301 (2005).Google Scholar
[65] B., Bammes and J. S., Olafsen, “Polymer-like folding of a two-dimensional granular chain in water,Chaos 14, S9 (2004).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×