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22 - Soil and water impacts during forest conversion and stabilisation to new land use

from Part III - Forest disturbance, conversion and recovery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2010

By
H. Grip ,
J.-M. Fritsch  and
L. A. Bruijnzeel
Edited by
M. Bonell  and
L. A. Bruijnzeel
H. Grip
Affiliation:
Department of Forest Ecology, SLU, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
J.-M. Fritsch
Affiliation:
L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-LMTG, 38 rue des 36 Points, F-31400 Toulouse, France
L. A. Bruijnzeel
Affiliation:
Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
M. Bonell
Affiliation:
UNESCO, Paris
L. A. Bruijnzeel
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The rainforests of the humid tropics are being converted to alternative land uses at an increasing rate (Drigo, this volume). In many cases the initial forest disturbance preceding conversion occurs during mechanised harvesting of (large volumes of) valuable timber (Chappell, Tych et al., Cassells and Bruijnzeel, Thang and Chappell, all this volume). Timber extraction causes a number of disturbances to the soil surface, notably during the construction and subsequent use of haulage roads, tractor tracks and log landings, but also in the form of scars by falling trees, particularly in steep terrain (cf. Kamaruzaman, 1991; Dykstra and Heinrich, 1996). Soil impacts may be lessened in some cases by the manual skidding of logs on wooden rails (usually in relatively flat terrain) or through the use of high-lead or low-lead cable yarding (Figure 22.1) (Bruijnzeel, 1992; Bruenig, 1996). Uphill logging, in which log landings are located on ridge tops, is the preferred system nowadays as this has a number of advantages: (i) access roads can be built along the ridges which usually form the driest part of the landscape, thereby minimising the frequency of road closures during periods of high rainfall; (ii) the log landings are also situated on dry spots which facilitates vehicle operation; (iii) the timber extraction network fans out in a downhill direction, thereby reducing surface runoff accumulation (and thus erosion) on tractor tracks; and (iv) the number of stream crossings is minimised in this way (Dykstra and Heinrich, 1996; cf. Figure 35.4 in Cassells and Bruijnzeel, this volume).

Type
Chapter
Information
Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics
Past, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management
 , pp. 561 - 589
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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